军事 > 军事历史
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161209/30072467.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/04/26 13:14:30

Powered by China
China

朝鲜向清廷称臣很久后 开始祭祀明崇祯帝真实原因

2016-12-09 15:55:39   

  本文摘自:澎湃新闻网,作者:重忆小窗纱,原题:韩国访古︱昌德宫:朝鲜王室为何祭祀大明皇帝?节选

大报坛遗址在昌德宫后苑西北角,遗憾的是这里并没有向游人开放,只能隔着树林远望。

大报坛是1704年,即明朝亡国六十年时,朝鲜肃宗为报答壬辰战争中向朝鲜派遣援军的明神宗万历皇帝而修建的祭坛。到了1749年朝鲜英祖又增加了明太祖朱元璋和明思宗崇祯皇帝的神位。对朝鲜来说,这三位明朝皇帝对朝鲜的恩惠最大。明太祖曾赐予国号“朝鲜”,对朝鲜有“大造之恩”;壬辰战争中明神宗救援朝鲜,有“再造之恩”;1636年末清军侵入朝鲜(即丙子之役),崇祯皇帝对朝鲜有所谓的“东援之恩”——朝鲜向清称臣很久之后,才知道崇祯曾打算在丙子之役时救援朝鲜。

朝鲜国王在大报坛祭祀明朝皇帝的祭礼从1704年一直持续进行到1894年。原本肃宗想建造的是可以常年供奉神位的庙宇,后来考虑到固定庙宇容易被清人发觉而引发两国间的摩擦,所以决定建立祭坛,根据需要举行祭祀。

1704年12月的《朝鲜王朝实录》记载了大报坛祭祀明神宗的准备情况:

大报坛成。坛在昌德宫禁苑之西曜金门外,旧别队营之地。坛制用左议政李畲言,放我国社稷之制,有壝有墙,墙高四尺,比社坛加高一尺,方广二十五尺,四面皆为九级。壝、墙四面,皆三十七尺,自坛所筑外墙,以防行人俯视。自十月初三日始役,至是讫工。……

《东阙图》中的大报坛。高丽大学博物馆所藏。资料图

乐用八佾而乐章亦相琦(即宋相琦,时任大提学)所撰进也。畲以为宜放文庙释菜时乐章,诸大臣请依社稷祭乐章,上从其言。坛上帐殿,用黄色紬段,为内帐,如我国帐殿,满顶骨之规,以一片木,加漆,长广如我国阙字版及外方殿牌之制,加以跗方,奉置卓上,付以黄纸牓,而使书写官,题其面曰大明神宗皇帝神位,祭后燎其纸牓,木片则藏之樻中,每于祭时出用。诸议皆以为然,从之。登歌、轩架,依社坛制排置,祭物品数,依皇朝仪式,祭器亦依《大明集礼》图式,而祭器,依古礼竹笾等制为之。神室、黄帐房,依《会典》图说造成,祭文中,命勿书淸国年号,命勿差坛所守直官,只使礼官主管焉。

值得注意的是,祭祀明神宗的祭乐所用的乐舞是天子所用的八佾,而非诸侯即朝鲜国王自己所使用的六佾。而且,一切祭祀准备均按明朝的《集礼》与《会典》置办,祭文中也不书写清朝的年号。事实上在丙子之役之后,朝鲜的一切官方文书均书写清朝年号(与日本的外交文书不书写年号,仅使用干支纪年),而两班士大夫私下继续使用崇祯年号。所以在现存的朝鲜后期的私人文集末尾,经常可以见到类似“崇祯后三甲子”之类的纪年方式。笔者虽也曾见到过存在崇祯与康熙年号并记的私人文集,但数量极少。

关于朝鲜君臣执意建造大报坛的原因,笔者更倾向于这样的解释。大报坛得以建立,这其中当然有深受儒家思想的影响,讲求尊周义理的朝鲜君臣的主观动机,亦有因历史上清军侵入而根深蒂固的“崇明反清”的意识,但更主要的是,朝鲜统治阶级试图利用尊明义理强化内部认同,巩固自身统治的现实需要。在肃宗之前的孝宗与显宗时期,经历了丙子之役及目睹了明清交替的朝鲜朝廷内部,主张替本国和明朝报仇而讨伐清朝的“北伐论”几乎成了朝廷上下的公论,但是考虑到朝鲜现实国力,明眼人都能明白所谓的“北伐论”无异于痴人说梦。而肃宗则将“北伐论”的思想基础,即“尊明义理”的意识以建立大报坛的方式付诸实践,一方面削弱了臣下以标榜“尊明义理”来主导朝廷舆论的可能性,将舆论的主导权牢牢把握在国王手中,从而强化了王权对臣权的控制;另一方面,通过在大报坛祭祀明朝皇帝这样的礼仪行动,进一步确认了朝鲜的统治意识形态,即强调“尊周大义”(对朝鲜来说,尊周即是尊明),强化内部认同,维持自身统治稳定。

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161209/30072467.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/04/26 13:14:30

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161209/30072467.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/04/26 13:14:30

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161209/30072467.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/04/26 13:14:30

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161209/30072467.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/04/26 13:14:30

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161209/30072467.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/04/26 13:14:30

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161209/30072467.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/04/26 13:14:30

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161209/30072467.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/04/26 13:14:30

Powered by China
China

美图推荐

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161209/30072467.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/04/26 13:14:30

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161209/30072467.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/04/26 13:14:30

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161209/30072467.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/04/26 13:14:30

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161209/30072467.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/04/26 13:14:30

Powered by China
China

为您推荐

加载更多>>
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161209/30072467.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/04/26 13:14:30

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161209/30072467.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/04/26 13:14:30

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161209/30072467.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/04/26 13:14:30

Powered by China
China