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是谁领着英法联军去烧的圆明园?

2016-12-09 15:51:08   

  本文摘自:澎湃新闻网,作者:刘继兴、王伟,原题:谁领着英法联军去烧的圆明园

《清史演义》中在描写英法联军焚毁圆明园时写道:“圆明园中火光烛天,一个穿洋装的中国人在导引放火,恒祺问他是谁,他大声道:谁人不晓得我龚孝拱,还劳你来细问!”这里说火烧圆明园给英法联军领路的人是龚孝拱。《同治重修圆明园史料》记载,“初有奸人龚孝拱者,游海上,以诈通于夷,闻圆明园多藏三代鼎彝,龚故嗜金刚刻,至庚申京师之变,乃乘夷乱,导之入园,纵火肆掠……”这里也说是龚孝拱给英法联军引的路。《圆明园残毁考》:“及英兵北犯,龚为向导曰:清之精华在圆明园。及京师陷,故英法兵直趋圆明园。”许多历史学家在讲这段历史时也说是龚孝拱给英法联军带的路。

据《清朝野史大观》载:“定庵(龚自珍)子孝拱,晚号半伦。半伦者,无君臣父子夫妇兄弟朋友,而尚嬖一妾,故曰半伦云。半伦少好学,天资绝人,顾性冷僻而寡言语,好为狭邪游。中年益寥落,至以卖书为活。英人威妥玛立招贤馆于上海,与之语,大悦之,旅沪西人均呼为龚先生而不名,月致百金以为修脯。庚申之役,英以师船入京,焚圆明园,半伦实与同往。橙单骑先入,取金玉重器而归。”龚孝拱字橙,其父龚自珍。他精通满、蒙、藏及英语,学贯中西。他在上海给英使威妥玛当文书,英法联军侵入北京时,跟着威妥玛也到了北京。

看上面的资料、野史,可以证据确凿地说:这个龚孝拱给洋鬼子带路,又唆使洋人纵火焚毁圆明园,是参与抢劫、焚毁圆明园的最大汉奸。

圆明园 资料图

可是,再看咸丰十年(1860)八月谕旨:“该夷去国万里,原为流通货物而来,全由刁恶汉奸,百端唆使,以致如此决裂。”咸丰并没有说给洋人带路焚毁圆明园的是龚孝拱。如果不是龚孝拱,那又是谁领着英法联军去烧的圆明园呢?

光绪年间人杨云史在其《檀青引·序》中记载:“奸民李某,导联军劫圆明园,珠玉珍宝尽出……朝廷稍稍闻圆明园之毁,祸由李某,下狱穷治,诛之,籍其产,以赐文丰家属焉。”文丰为当时圆明园之管园大臣,知园不保遂投园中福海自尽,数名随从与他一同自尽。还有一种说法:“焚掠圆明之祸首,非英法联军,乃为海淀一带之旗人。”人们找出了李姓旗人这个“刁恶汉奸”。这时还没有人说是龚孝拱领着英法联军去的。说了一阵后,朝廷不能允许满人带路这种对清朝不利的说法,于是变成了汉人带路。汉人龚孝拱在洋鬼子阵营里,于是直接就把大帽子扣在他头上了。

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