军事 > 军事历史
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161104/30030482.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/03/29 03:10:03

Powered by China
China

德国人二战时为何支持纳粹:平等对内 狂热对外

2016-11-04 14:06:48   

资料图

为什么德国人二战期间支持纳粹?

“惨绝人寰”、“令人发指”、“罄竹难书”这些词汇都无法描述德国纳粹的反人类罪于万一,然而纳粹是败于盟军,堡垒并非从内部攻破。德国内部虽有零星的反抗,比如慕尼黑大学绍尔兄妹的“白玫瑰”组织,共产党人“红色乐队”的地下组织,以施陶芬贝格为首的贵族军官刺杀行动,都没成气候。二战期间,德国民众的生存状况很是不错。民族社会主义(纳粹)的吸引力和他们的滔天罪行之间有着共生关系。纳粹的独裁被称为“受欢迎的独裁”。

德国民族社会主义工人党(NSDAP)的理论基础是种族主义,日耳曼民族或者说德意志民族是优等民族,而其他民族,特别是犹太民族是劣等民族,但对德国国内的德意志民族的族民保证说,大家都是一个“族民共同体”,族民平等,机会均等。不讲阶级斗争,却讲族民或者说民族斗争。希特勒号召,“要建立一个福利国家,它应当成为所有国家的样板。在这个国家里,所有的社会藩篱都会被一一拆除。”

纳粹党的社会成分工人是大头(1930年统计,26.3%),加上职员和个体户,总计为70%。也就是说,纳粹党的主要社会成分是下层群众。1923年党员的平均年龄为二十八岁,50%在二十三岁以下。1933年希特勒粉墨登场出任总理时,戈培尔三十三岁,施佩尔二十七岁,艾希曼二十六岁,门格勒(臭名昭著的纳粹医生)二十一岁,希姆莱和弗兰克三十二岁,戈林是较为年长的一位,不过也是四十初度。德国那时就是由这些年轻人执掌大权,希特勒要求他的干部要给人“面貌一新的感觉”。对于大多数德国青年人来说,纳粹并不意味着独裁、镇压和言论管制,而是自由和冒险。一些人初出茅庐,便被赋予重任,信心满满,要使国家迎来一个“光辉幸福的未来”。《希特勒的民族帝国》的作者阿利说,民族社会主义“有足够的理由被理解为青年人的专政”,这个专政最终引发了二十世纪最大的破坏和灾难。

这些青年纳粹中不少原是左倾分子,后来成长为杀人魔王的艾希曼说:“我内心的政治定位是左倾的,社会主义和民族主义同样重要。”(第7页)纳粹作家沃尔夫冈·希勒斯曾和布莱希特与贝歇尔(后任民主德国的文化部长——笔者)合作共事,一起排练颂扬斯大林工业化的赞歌《伟大的计划》,1933年纳粹掌权,他只需把原来文本中的“无产阶级”调换成“德国”即可完全照搬照用。纳粹所造就的新德国使得那些在游行示威、唇枪舌剑、打架斗殴中站在另一边的人反戈一击,重新找到了自己的定位。

上一页1/5下一页
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161104/30030482.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/03/29 03:10:03

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161104/30030482.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/03/29 03:10:03

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161104/30030482.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/03/29 03:10:03

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161104/30030482.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/03/29 03:10:03

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161104/30030482.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/03/29 03:10:03

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161104/30030482.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/03/29 03:10:03

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161104/30030482.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/03/29 03:10:03

Powered by China
China

美图推荐

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161104/30030482.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/03/29 03:10:03

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161104/30030482.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/03/29 03:10:03

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161104/30030482.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/03/29 03:10:03

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161104/30030482.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/03/29 03:10:03

Powered by China
China

为您推荐

加载更多>>
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161104/30030482.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/03/29 03:10:03

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161104/30030482.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/03/29 03:10:03

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161104/30030482.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/03/29 03:10:03

Powered by China
China