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刘邓大军谍战往事:刘伯承拒接受杨森“起义”

2016-10-26 14:14:11   

刘伯承(戴眼镜者)、邓小平(穿皮夹克者)、李达(刘伯承旁穿风衣者)进军西南途中,在铁山渡口观察敌情

郭汝瑰起义通电

编者按:本刊曾刊登谢武申先生《刘邓大军谍战往事》一文,披露鲜为人知的刘邓大军情报工作。因篇幅所限,仅刊登了原作的一部分。本期将原作的另一部分,以《二野情报处与解放大西南》为题,介绍二野情报处在解放大西南战役中的重要作用。

二野情报处为配合解放西南,做了许多重要工作。西南曾经是抗日战争时期的大后方,即通常所称的“国统区”。重庆,是国民党在抗日战争时期的“陪都”。在西南,国民党特务机构的触须,伸到了每一个角落,控制最为严密。因此,二野司令部情报处的首要任务,就是迅速摸清国民党在西南的各级军政机构和特务系统。他们通过派驻武汉、南京等地的“关系”,并利用电台截获,搞清了国民党西南特务系统的电台,并综合写成《伪国防部二厅潜伏我区之谍报组电台番号位置》等文件,由第二野战军参谋长李达呈报中央。

二野情报处副处长魏锦国曾带着几个参谋,还找了一批大学生协助。在上海东方经济图书馆搞西南情况调查。他们在大部队进军西南之前就编印了云、贵、川、康、藏的政治、经济、文化、军事等情况,每地一册,极为详尽。情报处之所以能如此迅速地完成这项工作,因为这个图书馆是日本人搞的,他们派了一批特务,还有和尚等,早在数年前已经到上述数省进行过调查,日军投降后,来不及将这些资料带回本土。

设法联络郭汝瑰

在南京,情报处接过中央转给二野的地下党关系。建立这些关系,是中央长期工作的结果。郭汝瑰,是董必武在重庆发展的关系。郭有个同学叫任廉儒,是共青团员,到延安学习后,在中央组织部当干事,被派去做郭的工作。他的公开身份是川盐银行上海华山路办事处主任。郭后来当了蒋介石国防部作战厅(三厅)厅长,任廉儒一直同他保持联系。郭曾多次把国民党作战计划等绝密文件交给任廉儒,请他转交中共地下党负责人。

杜聿明一直不信任郭。如在徐州会战时,蒋介石主持作战会议,郭汝瑰报告情况,提出方案。讨论时,杜聿明不发言。会后,杜单独找蒋介石谈了作战意见,说郭不可靠。蒋介石说,年轻人嘛,怎么能不相信呢。郭汝瑰后来按照中共地下党的意图,向顾祝同提出要到西南当个军长,带部队和共军作战,经蒋介石同意后,组建了第72 军,以后,又被蒋介石任命为第22 兵团司令兼72 军军长。二野情报处接了中央转来的郭汝瑰的关系,但却联系不上任廉儒。柴军武(新中国成立后改名柴成文,曾任国防部外事局局长)设法在上海找到了任廉儒的弟弟任英儒,又派赵力钧(曾在冯玉祥部当参谋)陪同英儒去找廉儒,然后同去重庆和郭汝瑰联系起义。

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