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志愿军入朝作战前:林彪曾建议金日成上山打游击

2016-10-10 17:31:37   陈立旭

林彪(资料图)

本文原载于《同舟共进》

在中共中央决策抗美援朝时,毛泽东与林彪有不同意见。当年,毛泽东和中央确实曾经考虑由林彪带兵入朝,但因为林彪身体不好而没有去,后改由彭德怀带兵入朝。后来,对这一问题有种种说法,特别是“九一三”事件之后,大多的说法是:林彪在抗美援朝问题上消极,装病不带兵入朝。对这一历史情况,应该本着实事求是的原则,进行深入分析。

林彪曾积极支持组建东北边防军并推荐指挥人选

朝鲜战争爆发后,毛泽东考虑到东北地区直接受到战争威胁,又考虑到东北地区战略地位重要,建议中央成立东北边防军。对毛泽东的意见,中央领导人都赞成。很快,中共中央就做出决定:以第十三兵团组建东北边防军,作为防患于未然的战略措施。

1950年7月7日下午,周恩来在中南海居仁堂主持召开了保卫国防问题会议,传达中共中央、毛泽东关于成立东北边防军的决定,讨论保卫东北边防问题。参加会议的有中国人民解放军总司令朱德、代总参谋长聂荣臻、第四野战军司令员林彪和副政治委员谭政、总政治部主任罗荣桓和副主任萧华、总情报部部长李克农、总后勤部部长杨立三、作战部部长李涛、摩托装甲兵司令员许光达、海军司令员萧劲光、空军司令员刘亚楼、军委铁道部部长滕代远、炮兵副司令员苏进等。

从这份参会名单可以看出,与会者主要是中央军委三总部、陆海空三军及有关兵种负责人,作为野战军领导人参加会议的,只有林彪和谭政。

会议讨论了东北边防军所辖部队、人数、指挥机构设立和领导人选配置、政治动员和后勤保障、车运计划和兵源补充等问题。林彪积极支持组建东北边防军。会上,他从中国东北地区的战略地位、中国在远东地区的战略目标、中朝关系等方面,论述了组建东北边防军的必要性。同时,他更多地对组建东北边防军的原则作了阐述。这些原则,就是以第十三兵团为骨干,组建东北边防军。今后,东北边防军也作为中国的一支重要军事力量摆在东北地区,对内可以保卫中国东北地区,对外也可以作为一支战略威慑力量,在国际政治舞台上发挥作用。

7月10日,周恩来主持召开第二次保卫国防问题会议。林彪再次发言,就组建东北边防军的具体问题谈了自己的意见。他发言总的精神是:第四野战军在这个问题上义不容辞,要多少人出多少人,要多少装备出多少装备。会议经过讨论,决定分别从河南、广东、广西、湖南、黑龙江等地抽调第十三兵团的第三十八军、第三十九军、第四十军及第四十二军,炮兵第一师、第二师、第八师,以及1个高射炮团、1个工兵团,共计255000余人,组成东北边防军。这些部队大多数是来自林彪所率领的四野部队。林彪历来对粟裕十分赏识,认为粟裕有很高的军事才能,他亲自提名粟裕作为入朝部队的先期主帅,到东北地区去带兵。考虑到现在还不能任命粟裕入朝的职务,会议决定先任命粟裕为东北边防军司令员兼政治委员、萧劲光为副司令员、萧华为副政治委员、李聚奎为后勤司令员;以第十五兵团司令部组成兵团部,统辖第三十八军、第三十九军、第四十军,炮兵、装甲兵、工兵及高射炮部队。会议决定,为了集中指挥,成立第四野战军特别司令部,上述部队统一由第四野战军特司负责指挥;空军方面,成立东北空军司令部,也统一由第四野战军特司指挥。这一系列决定会后经周恩来斟酌修改后,于13日报毛泽东批准。

从上述决定可以看出,林彪对于保卫祖国问题是十分重视的,对于组建东北边防军是坚决支持的。中共中央最初也确曾同意在必要时由粟裕率领中国军队先期出兵朝鲜。

但可惜的是,粟裕身体不好,不能赴朝指挥作战。从近期出版的《粟裕年谱》中可以看到,就在中央决定组建东北边防军时,粟裕正在青岛治病。他得知中央的任命后,十分着急,便托罗瑞卿给毛泽东捎了封信,说明了自己的身体状况。毛泽东收到他的信后即于8月8日写了回信。在复信中毛泽东说:“罗瑞卿同志带来的信收到了,病情仍重,甚为系念。目前新任务不甚迫切,你可以安心休养,直至病愈。休养地点,如青岛合适则在青岛;如青岛不甚合适,可来北京,望酌定之。”此前,周恩来和聂荣臻考虑到粟裕正在治病,而萧劲光、萧华一时也无法到东北边防军任职,便联名致函毛泽东,建议东北边防军“先归东北军区高岗司令员兼政委指挥”,待粟裕、萧劲光、萧华赴任后再成立边防军司令部。毛泽东同意他们的意见。

责任编辑:张海潮
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