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1950:中国必须应战!

2016-01-14 16:21:49   中国军网

1950:中国必须应战

郭志刚

1949年10月1日,中华人民共和国横空出世,改变了世界政治版图和东亚战略格局。在战后世界形成两大阵营的大背景下,随着中国抗日战争胜利后国内形势的演变、全国解放战争的迅速胜利,新中国顺理成章地实行“一边倒”政策,加入到以苏联为首的社会主义阵营。美国为遏制共产主义运动发展,决定对新中国采取敌视政策,即政治上孤立、经济上封锁、军事上遏制。美中冲突不可避免。

1950年6月25日朝鲜内战爆发后,美国立即进行武装干涉,朝鲜内战演化为侵略与反侵略战争。美国当局原来认为,朝鲜半岛在其全球战略中不具有重要的战略价值,但朝鲜内战爆发后,美国迅速改变原有对朝鲜半岛战略地位判断,因为其把朝鲜半岛的武装冲突看成是两大阵营的前哨战,是两种意识形态较量的重要战场。

美国在出兵干涉朝鲜内战的同时,派出海军第七舰队侵入台湾海峡,阻止中国人民解放军可能的解放台湾行动,同时美国还加大对法国对印度支那殖民战争的支持力度,这样就从三个战略方向对新中国构成威胁,特别是朝鲜半岛方向与台海方向互动,对新中国国家安全带来严重挑战。

在美国咄咄逼人的架势下,新中国领导人自然而然判断美国人来者不善,判断其在侵略朝鲜和中国领土台湾后会有进一步的后续动作。与美国人打过多年交道的新中国开国领袖们,不相信美国人不扩大战争的公开表态。在美国人已经将朝鲜战争与中国台湾问题扯到了一起,已经派兵侵入台湾海峡,美军飞机已经轰炸中国东北边境地区,中国主权和领土完整已经实实在在受到美国的侵害的情况下,新中国领导人不得不从最坏的情况出发,作出相应决断。

在经过20余年战争之后,中国人民渴望得到休养生息,过上和平的日子,谁也不想再打仗了。开国领袖们与普通老百姓的想法是一样的,就是想尽快恢复遭受战争破坏的凋敝的国民经济,重建家园。1950年6月,即朝鲜战争爆发当月召开的中共七届三中全会,确定以争取国家财政经济状况的根本好转为中心任务,确定中国人民解放军进行大规模精简整编和复员工作,着手现代化建设、进军西藏和解放台湾的准备。中国军队的确没有在朝鲜半岛与美国人大打一场的准备。

没有准备打,为什么最后还是出兵了呢?是不是被苏联人、朝鲜人玩了?我认为,中国出兵朝鲜是有充分理由的。

第一,最直接最主要的因素是维护国家安全的考虑。美国武装干涉朝鲜内战,并侵占中国领土台湾,美国政府不顾中国政府的一再警告,执意扩大对朝鲜的侵略并轰炸到中国东北边境地区。中朝两国山水相连,唇齿相依。唇亡则齿寒,户破则堂危。如果当时让敌视中国的美国控制全朝鲜、陈兵鸭绿江边,将使中国在战略上处于非常被动的境地。东北是当时中国最主要的工业基地,如果坐视不顾,将使东北暴露在美军的直接威胁之下,中国的主要军事力量必将长期被牵制在东北地区,无法集中主要军事力量于东南沿海方向。美国派兵侵占台湾,直接威胁到华东地区,中国在东北方向保持主要军事力量的同时,又不得不在台海方向保持庞大的军事力量,两线互相牵制,势必陷入战略被动。若美军驻扎在中国东北的家门口,要想制造事端,发动战事,随时都可以找到借口。大陆上国民党残余势力受到美军占领全朝鲜的鼓舞,势必气焰嚣张,使新生的人民政权不稳。所以说,是客观形势逼迫着中国党和政府作出反应,是维护国家安全的客观需要迫使中国出兵,不是主观上想惹火上身。

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