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欧盟重视产业研发投入:全球研发态势一览无遗

2016-12-22 09:06:26   范炳健 潘硕 航天纵横

2015/16年度各国家和地区研发投入分布(单位:亿欧元)

从构成比例来看

美国占全球研发投入的38.6%,欧盟占27.0%,日本占14.4%,中国为7.2%,而世界其他国家为12.8%。与去年相比,欧盟公司在全球研发投入的份额下降了1.0个百分点(从28.1%下降到27.1%),主要是由于欧元相对于主要货币出现贬值;日本公司的研发份额几乎没有变化;美国的研发份额增加了0.5个百分点;中国公司研发份额增长最快,从5.9%增长到7.2%。

2015/16年度各国家和地区产业研发投入占比

三、行业分布:哪些行业是投入热门?

研发投入排名靠前的行业主要集中在IT硬件和软件、制药和汽车及配件等,这些行业在全球产业研发投入中占据较大的份额,并且增长迅速。其中,软件和计算机服务领域的增长率为12.3%,医药生物技术为10.0%,科技硬件和设备为7.6%。

研发投入排名前11位的行业

由于不同国家和地区的产业优势和特点不同,研发投入较多的行业在国家和地区间分布也有差异。

在欧盟的公司中,汽车及配件、制药和生物技术、医疗器械以及计算机服务等行业表现出较强的研发增长态势。在戴姆勒(15.6%)和宝马(13.2%)等德国公司的推动下,汽车及配件行业(9.2%)对研发增长贡献最大;制药和生物技术是排名第二的贡献者(12.1%);大型制药公司研发投入增长迅速,如Allergan(146.6%,通过收购)、Bayer(20.2%)和AstraZeneca(12.3%);其它表现出两位数的增长是医疗保健设备和服务行业、软件和计算机服务行业(12.2%);大多数大型软件公司的研发投资都有两位数的增长。

在美国的公司中,制药和生物技术、休闲用品行业的研发投入增长率最高(13.0%),其次是软件和计算机服务行业(11.5%)。研发增长率最低的行业是化工行业(-3.8%)和医疗保健设备与服务行业(-3.1%)。

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