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美国发现100万颗足以摧毁纽约的小行星

2016-11-02 11:18:34   

小行星撞击地球模拟图

科技日报北京11月1日电(记者张梦然)美国国家公共广播电台官网1日消息称,一个“大块头”陨石近距离飞掠地球,天文学家借助美国航空航天局(NASA)研发的新系统,成功标记并算出其危险系数。该系统名为“侦察”(Scout),旨在防御对地球有潜在威胁的小行星。

2013年2月,一起世所瞩目的俄罗斯陨星事件造成上千人受伤,而全世界的宇航机构居然和普通民众一样,都是通过互联网了解此事的。此后,包括NASA在内的宇航机构一直致力于查找并预知有可能对地球构成威胁的小行星信息。

10月30日晚,一大块陨石与地球擦肩而过,此次天文学家早已利用“侦察”计算机程序算出其运行轨道,并提前预知它不会与地球相撞。

“侦察”系统现正在NASA喷气推进实验室进行测试,其可被视为一个“天体入侵者警报系统”,通过不间断扫描来自望远镜的大量数据,寻找是否有任何近地天体的报告。一旦发现,将迅速计算出地球是否处于危险中,并指示其他望远镜进行后续观察,以确定来袭危险是否属实。

NASA资助着全球数架望远镜,它们每夜扫描天际寻找着“可疑对象”。喷气推进实验室天文学家保罗·乔达斯称,现在,NASA一晚至少会收到五颗小行星的报告,但更关键的是确定其中哪个可能会撞到地球。

“侦察”系统现阶段主要负责发现体积较小但又非常靠近我们的天体,稍后将开启全面运作模式。辅助它的是另一个“哨兵”(Sentry)系统,主要用来识别未来100年内可能击中地球并摧毁一个主要城市的大型天体。

目前,尚未发现的小行星数量是已知小行星数量的100多倍,其中约有100万颗的尺寸达到了足以摧毁纽约的程度,有的甚至危害更甚。因此,“先下手为强”非常重要——只有精确地早期预警,才有可能快速反应,利用正在研发的技术手段提高成功偏移它们的机会。

责任编辑:谢辉 CM026
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