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海洋强国“标配”:全球首座海上浮动核电站海试

2016-07-14 13:31:29   观察者网

随着各国对海洋经济的重视,被称为“全球最强移动电源”的海上浮动核电站逐渐成为海洋强国“标配”。澎湃新闻于7月13日针对这一现象发表《海上浮动核电站已成海洋强国“标配”,全球首堆已下海测试》一文,原文如下:

随着对海洋经济的倚重,各国纷纷将目光投向被称为“全球最强移动电源”的海上浮动核电站,以突破海上开发的能源供给瓶颈。

近日,世界上首座海上浮动核电站,俄罗斯“罗蒙诺索夫院士(Akademik Lomonosov)”号进入下海测试阶段,并将于2017年10月30日完成测试后正式投入使用。俄罗斯副总理DmitryRogozin表示,这座海上浮动核电站会和沿海基础设施连接,通过电缆为北极城市提供电力。

近日,世界上首座海上浮动核电站,俄罗斯“罗蒙诺索夫院士(Akademik Lomonosov)” 号进入下海测试阶段

“罗蒙诺索夫院士”号长140米,宽30米,高10米,排水量21500吨,能配备70名左右船员。在这座“全球最强移动电源”上,装备的两座KLT- 40型核反应堆,可输出70兆瓦电功率或300兆瓦热功率,供20万人使用。船上的海水淡化设备则可为居民提供每天24万立方米的淡水。除了为俄罗斯在西伯利亚北部的堪察加半岛威尔尤欣斯基镇(Vilyuchinsk)提供稳定的清洁电力和饮用水之外,“罗蒙诺索夫院士”号还将为海上石油平台供应电力。根据计划,俄罗斯将打造一支海上浮动核电站船队,为大型工业项目、港口城市、海上油气钻探平台提供能源。

海上浮动核电站安不安全?根据此前俄罗斯媒体的报道,“罗蒙诺索夫院士”号的生产商俄罗斯Baltiysky船厂表示,其安全标准不亚于陆地上的核电站,有多重措施防止核泄漏,能在海啸等其他自然灾害情况下,保证反应堆的安全,寿命可达35-40年。实际上,海上浮动核电站一般采用小型核反应堆,安全性高。 并且,浮动反应堆往往和陆地保持一定距离,即使发生地震,地震波也不会被海水传递,从而受地震、海啸影响不大。

海上浮动核电站是将小型核反应堆和船舶结合,突破空间限制,使核电移动化,这并不只是俄罗斯想到了。早在1963年,美国军方就将设计的MH-1A核电装置装备在轮船上,解决巴拿马运河地区的电荒问题。近年来,法国研发了下沉式海上浮动核电站Flexblue,其反应堆安全系统能在和外部断电的情况下依然运转。韩国的GBS式浮动核电站采用混凝土重力基础结构作容器和支持结构,运行后每天能淡化4万吨海水。

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