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美公司拟8年内发射载人航天器及货运飞船殖民火星

2016-06-13 09:26:34   北青网-北京青年报

美国太空探索技术公司创始人埃隆·马斯克曾提出雄心勃勃的火星移民计划。他近日接受美国《华盛顿邮报》专访时透露了更多火星探索计划的细节。

作为火星探索计划的第一步,太空探索技术公司计划在2018年发射一艘货运飞船前往火星,之后于2024年发射载人航天器,并于2025年抵达火星。

计划还面临巨大难题

这位“科技狂人”承认,要到达离地球最近5500万公里、最远超过4亿公里的星球,还面临巨大的难题。

而且,太空探索技术公司的火星探索计划没有得到美国政府资助。不过,美国航天局表示,将为马斯克的项目提供技术支持。

美国航天局也在研究长期空间旅行对人体的影响,并且宣布了2030年后把人送上火星的计划。

马斯克在专访中说,前往火星长达数月的旅行“艰难、危险、难度极大”,但肯定会有人愿意前往火星,“就像英国殖民地的建立一样,有人愿意冒险,他们希望成为先遣者”。

先将科学实验设备和探测器运到火星

不过,马斯克表示,在这些先遣者登上飞船之前,货运飞船要先将科学实验设备和探测器运到火星上,而早期的飞行也将帮助太空探索技术公司积累星际航行经验并测试该公司火星探索计划的安全性。

“从根本上讲,我们所说的是,建立一个火星货运航线。这将是一个定期的货运航线,你可以信赖它。货运飞船每隔26个月发射一次,就像火车离站一样(准时)。如果全球的科学家发现它值得信赖,而且和过去的方式相比它成本相对低廉,他们就会制定相应的计划,进行很多出色的实验,”马斯克说。

2018年发射火星货运飞船

太空探索技术公司2018年发射火星货运飞船将使用该公司新研制的“重型猎鹰”火箭,该火箭计划今年下半年首飞。

太空探索技术公司称,“重型猎鹰”将成为世界上在用的运载能力最大的火箭,点火时能产生500多万磅推力,相当于18架波音747型飞机推力的总和。

马斯克说,在下一个发射窗口2020年,“重型猎鹰”火箭和“龙”飞船将进行至少两次发射,运送实验设备。“到那时,将会有不少机构有兴趣在火星上开展实验。”

如果一切顺利的话,马斯克说,第一艘前往火星的载人航天器将在2024年发射,2025年登陆。届时航天器上将不会有很多乘员,因为如果出现问题,“我们希望冒风险的人越少越好”。

谈到他的火星探索计划,马斯克一脸兴奋却又欲言又止。“我渴望谈论更多的细节,但我必须控制我自己。”

责任编辑:张海潮
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