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俄媒:印欲建核航母遏华 无力自制或被迫用万国牌

2016-03-11 10:09:39   环球网

从俄罗斯采购的“维克拉马蒂亚”号二手航母是在可预期的未来相当长时间内,印度海军唯一有战斗力的航母。

【环球军事报道】据俄罗斯连塔网3月10日报道称,受印度海军的投标邀请,俄罗斯、法国、英国和美国正在争夺印度新航母的研发合同。竞标方名单中只剩俄罗斯和法国,而印度倾向于俄罗斯的方案。

报道称,印度的新航母“维沙尔”号是该国的第二艘维克兰特级航母。印度军方公布的设计要求是建造一艘全新航母。

2010年,印度海军指挥官尼尔默尔·维尔马在宣布开始设计航母时解释说,舰队希望得到一艘“大型航母”,能够搭载战机、雷达巡逻机和战术加油机。

为达到对“维沙尔”号的这些要求,需要使用核动力装置,排水量要从4万吨提高至6.5万吨,“维沙尔”号计划搭载的飞机从40架变成54架。

航母的建造结构也有变化。从短距起飞、正常降落式航母变为弹射起飞、拦阻降落式航母,装备电磁飞机弹射器。

这种航母用来对付宿敌巴基斯坦显然是大材小用。印度舰队中出现带有先进飞行编队的大型核动力航母——这是对北京这个早就是伊斯兰堡军事政治伙伴的直接挑衅。

报道称,中国从本世纪初起开始落实所谓的“珍珠链战略”,目的是在印度洋打造军事基地和电子情报站链,中国舰队需要这些设施才有可能在东非到马六甲海峡的广阔区域自由行动。

印度提高对航母的要求却实际上没有能力靠自身力量建造,因此需要外国设计者和承包商竞标。由此产生了可能分工合作的问题:谁负责制造核动力装置,谁负责航空技术系统,谁负责飞行编队,谁有权安装武器。虽有的可选择,但世界上没有那么多舰船制造厂有能力承担印度的新航母项目。

报道称,首先排除的是美国人。华盛顿实际上可能做的是试图说服新德里放弃核动力航母并向其兜售经过改装的“小鹰”级锅炉和汽轮机航母——要么是CV-63“小鹰”号本身,要么是CV-67“约翰·F·肯尼迪”号。这些航母竣工于上世纪60年代,目前已退役,它们的命运不是被回收再利用就是放置在博物馆。

这个方案是可行的,尤其是如果印度决定省钱。另一个问题是,美国军工业一贯不与对手合作,尤其是苏联和俄罗斯的竞争者。印度想在美国制造的航母船体上部署米格-29K,这根本不可能。不过,这是购置重型航母的所有可能的方法中最便宜的一种。

那么法国人呢?继法国的第一艘航母“戴高乐”号之后的第二艘核动力航母(PA2)项目在参数上与“维沙尔”号相近:其排水量在再度缩减后应当是6.2万吨,可搭载超过40架飞机。

不过法国DCNS公司还有另一个商业选择:在巴西推广所谓的DEAC航母,这是基于PA2的非核动力出口版航母。该航母的标准排水量为5.5万吨,最多可搭载40架飞机。

报道称,俄方参与投标印度“第一艘核动力航母”的是涅瓦设计局,俄移交印度的“维克拉马蒂亚”号航母(原“戈尔什科夫海军上将”号航母)就是该设计局的作品。

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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