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日本防卫省武官向文官夺权 被指越来越像二战前

2016-02-23 13:49:03   环球网

【环球军事报道】“日本防卫省武官要求文官大幅转让作战计划制定权限”。日本共同社22日爆出这条内幕新闻立即吸引了关注东亚局势的国际媒体的眼球。日本国内外多数分析认为,这意味着日本的“文官统领”制度已经进入实质性重大调整阶段。二战前,由军人组成的军部被认为是日本军国主义化以及对外发动侵略战争的主要决策者和推动者。战后为防止军人干预政治,日本设立“文官统领”制度。安倍政府去年强行通过了一系列“新安保法”后,“文官统领”制度的调整被认为是日本解禁集体自卫权,使自卫队成为“正常军队”的关键一环。这一动向令东亚邻国对日本未来的国家战略和安全政策疑虑重重。

“制服组”向“西服组”夺权

日本共同社22日称,该“独家新闻”是从多名日本防卫省及自卫队相关人士处获悉的。今年3月29日是日本新安保法案颁布6个月正式实施的日子。报道称,新安保法即将实施之际,防卫省正在制定首次新安保法下自卫队最高级别作战计划。对此,防卫省内以武官出身的自卫队官员为中心的统合幕僚监部(相当于总参谋部)要求以文职官员为中心的“内局”大幅转让制定最高作战战略和计划的权限。“内局”对此表示拒绝。报道称,目前协调工作仍在进行。

共同社称,“内局”和统合幕僚监部主要是争夺最新的《统合防卫及警备基本计划》的修订权,这一计划被指定为“特定秘密”。日本陆海空3支自卫队的作战指挥都必须依照该计划执行。报道还称,日本自卫队即将修订的这个最新作战计划,将全面反映去年修改的新日美防卫合作指针以及新安保法内容。

在日本,防卫省官员主要由两部分组成,一方面是以统合幕僚长(相当于参谋总长)以及陆、海、空自卫队幕僚长(参谋长)为首的军职官员;另一方面是以防卫省官房长、各部局局长为首的文职官员。由于防卫省内武官一般都穿制服,文官都穿西服,所以日本民众和媒体习惯将武官和文官分别称作“制服组”和“西装组”。近来“西装组”和“制服组”的斗争常见报端。

日本关西地区一位外交问题学者接受《环球时报》记者采访时称,随着二战后日本实施和平宪法,在防卫省内,防卫大臣向统合幕僚总监下达指示或者提出方针的时候,要首先交由防卫省的官房长和文职部门的各局长等进行“辅佐”,即向防卫大臣提出建议。官房长和这些文职局长统称为“内局”。“内局”辅佐防卫大臣,正是日本‘文官统领’机制的体现。这使“西服组”在防卫省决策层面的实际权限高于“制服组”。

去年6月,日本国会通过了自民党提出的《防卫省设置法》修正案,规定对防卫大臣的辅佐权从“西服组”扩大到“制服组”。表面上二者地位对等,但实际上剥夺了文职官员相对军职官员的制约权限。此外,去年“内局”控制制定作战战略计划的运用企划局也被废除,这使得防卫省在决定自卫队的作战指挥等问题上变成了统合幕僚监部一手掌控。现在统合幕僚监部在制定最高级别作战计划上,干脆要求“内局”彻底交出权力。这名日本学者感慨称,“这可以说是防卫省武官逐步扩大自己的权力,让防卫省变得越来越像二战前的日本军部。”

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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