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印度拟10年内增加军备出口20倍

2016-01-29 11:01:39   环球网

【环球网综合报道】据新加坡“联合早报网”1月29日报道,印度要在10年内将军备出口增加20倍,将数额增至30亿美元(约合人民币197.23亿元),如果这个目标得以落实,原本是最大军备进口国之一的印度,将转而变成全球数一数二的军备卖家。

印度国防生产秘书古普塔2015年12月指出,总理莫迪为推动国防制造业所制订的措施若有效实施,印度或许将能在2025年将军备出口提升至30亿美元,但先决条件须是增加私企对国防制造业的投资以及加强这个行业的专业技术水平。

“这不但能使我们的国防生产迈向自给自足,还能创造可观的就业机会。” 古普塔说。

据报道,印度每年出售总值约1.5亿美元的军备,只占全球常年640亿美元军售的一小部分,其产品包括俄罗斯苏霍伊战机配件以及最近在毛里求斯投入服役的一艘海军舰艇。

防务分析员默罕迪说:“印度的出口目标显得雄心勃勃。若能实现目标,那印度将可能成为许多国家包括中国的竞争者。”

印度具有出口潜能的军备包括舰艇、直升机和飞机零件。根据权威研究机构“IHS Inc.”的数据,2014年最大军备出口国是美国,它以237亿美元的军售在市场上占有绝对优势,中国以15亿美元军售排名第八。

在军备进口方面,沙特阿拉伯以65亿美元成为最大武器进口国,印度排第二,军备进口总额56亿美元。印度预计其军备出口额在截至2015年3月的两个财政年里增加超过一倍,达1.45亿美元。

莫迪提出的政策调整包括减少外资在国防工业的限制、放宽出口管制、修改采购政策以鼓励国内生产。莫迪政府自2014年5月上台以来,批准了650亿美元的军购,目前正打算以自制舰艇推展海军扩张。

印度政府也首次将国产军备如“鲁斯图姆”(Rustom)无人机的蓝图与私人企业分享,以期能推动科技进步以达成海外军售。从印度最大工程公司拿丁集团(Larsen & Toubro)至空客集团等企业,都发现这一波改革措施能带来不少商机。

不过印度要发展国防制造业,前方的路还很长。目前印度依赖的国营制造商缺乏外国同业的专业技术,为此印度国防工业须引进更多私企。

据报道,莫迪2015年4月将原本向法国订购126架“阵风”(Rafale)战机的合同规模缩减,因为原合约中注明其中108架战机须由印度国营的斯坦航空有限公司生产,而这项挑战难以克服。最终莫迪选择从法国直接运来36架已达到飞行状态的阵风战机。该战机的法国制造商后来搁置了在印度生产战机引擎零件的计划。这起事件显示莫迪要发展国防工业,前路崎岖。

普华永道思略特管理咨询公司的防务部主管嘉格指出,国企占了印度逾八成的国防生产,而且已明显力不从心,若要依靠私企大力提振军备出口,这些企业须设计出具有外销市场的武器系统,而这并非易事。

古普塔表示,印度政府正致力于改进相关政策架构,但主要推动力需要国防工业伙伴的支持。古普塔说:“该工业应挺身而出,接受挑战。”(实习编辑:彭海艳 审核:谭利娅)

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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