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专家:美国短期内难以铲除IS

2015-12-14 16:34:07   环球网

美短期内难铲除IS,IS仍有生命力

最近,美国正忙于加大打击叙利亚“伊斯兰国”(IS)极端组织的力度,法、英、德三国均积极参与。人们不禁要问,美国能否铲除IS呢?答案肯定是否定的。美国短期内难以铲除IS。

这主要因为:1、单靠空袭难以解决。美主导的国际联盟,成员国众多,大都同床异梦,各有各的打算,行动虚多实少,往往“口惠而实不至”,空袭次数不少,命中率不高;2、不派地面部队,仅靠训练伊拉克政府军、库尔德武装和叙利亚温和反对派武装很不理想。IS占据伊叙国土面积较大,美国不派地面部队,无法予以围剿。培训当地武装,也存在人员素质和战斗力问题。而12月6日,奥巴马发表全国电视讲话,明确表示,美“不能再次在叙利亚和伊拉克陷入一场旷日持久且代价高昂的地面战”。3、排斥异己,不与伊朗和叙利亚合作,是美一大失误。4、IS仍有生命力。目前,伊、叙乱局正是该极端组织生存的土壤和空间。它可利用教派矛盾、权力之争、群雄割据,扩充兵员,增强实力,甚至招募世界多国极端份子,前来参加“圣战”。据报道,来自世界104个国家的大约3万人参加了IS。

美既打IS,又打巴沙尔政权,“战略失败”

另外,2015年,从美国在中东所作所为来看,它也面临其它困难,比如说,它难以主导解决叙利亚危机。在叙利亚问题上,美国屡屡失误。奥巴马曾宣布,巴沙尔已失去总统的合法性,必须下台。然而,他不但未下台,反而通过民选又连任总统,至今仍在台上。在化武危机中,美只好接受了俄罗斯化武换和平的倡议,并得到联合国安理会通过,停息了这场风波。对此,俄引以为豪,美甘拜下风。

至于打击叙IS,美坚持既打它,又推翻巴沙尔政权,并计划培训5000名叙温和反对派武装人员,回国进行“双打”,结果,夭折。奥巴马承认美在叙“战略失败”。9月30日,应巴沙尔总统要求,俄先发制人,出动战机,对叙IS进行空中打击,使美措手不及,处境被动,不得不同意双方军事高层对话,以避免双方战机相遇,擦枪走火。这是自2014年乌克兰危机后双方停止军事对话以来的第一次。美防长卡特说:“尽管双方在叙利亚政策上仍持不同意见,我们至少应该能够达成协议,尽可能地保证我们飞行员的安全。”

同时,克里国务卿宣布,美国不再坚持巴沙尔必须立即下台。10月9日,西班牙《国家报》网站报道称,在叙问题上,奥巴马“仍然没有看到明确的解决方案。”11月14日,美出席俄促成的维也那叙问题外长会议。该会就政治解决叙问题时间表达成共识。美也只能接受现实。最近,美国对俄采取了一些反制措施,恐怕难以奏效。

美国人做梦也没想到塔利班成了“克星”

美难以从阿富汗全部撤军。10月初,塔利班武装攻占了阿第二大城市昆都士,重创政府军。美国着了慌,忙派兵助政府军去灭火,去围歼,去夺回该市。由此,美看到了问题的严重性。十余年来,美主导的联军在阿打恐,围剿塔利班武装残余势力,耗资上万亿美元,伤亡近3万人,结果,越打越多,越反越恐,防不胜防。塔利班武装反而壮大了,成了美国人的克星。这是美国人做梦也未想到的。难怪奥巴马10月15日宣布,美再度放缓从阿撤军计划,将在2016年后再在阿驻留5500名美军士兵。俄罗斯外交部说,美国暂缓从阿撤军证明美的阿政策“完全破产”。

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