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日本官民合作收集中国情报

2015-10-26 09:41:43   环球网

听日本商人讲信息收集

“情报收集是日本全行业的职业能力,依赖情报进行生活是全民习惯。”社科院日本研究所学者卢昊对《环球时报》说,日本的情报收集类型多样,分门别类齐全且有连续性。日本很早就有这样的一套资讯管理体系,在亚洲没有哪个国家能与其相比。他说,日本文化传统看重细节,虽然战略上不行,但在细节上能够做到极致。日本企业常常用“非常成功”评估其海外投资,就是前期情报收集使得其决策更科学。

“获取情报(信息)的能力直接关系到生意本身的成败”,这是日本企业经常提到的信条。两年前入职某日本化妆品公司的中国员工周雨去年被总部派到上海接受短期培训。她对《环球时报》记者说,她在培训期间,随手记录各种数据,比如店面销售额、销售量、畅销产品以及用户反馈等。为撰写培训报告,她花了很大心血和精力,因为公司不喜欢“引用”和“转述”。“这些才是最有说服力的。”她说。

在某日本商社工作十余年的员工山口告诉《环球时报》记者,就他们获取信息的渠道而言,首要还是报纸。与网络相比,报纸的优势非常明显,上面的信息是经过严格筛选的,可信度高,而且会根据信息的重要程度安排版面,甚至通过不同字体和字号表现出来。 “获取信息的另一大途径是分布在世界各地的客户”,山口说,“我们会经常与客户进行交流,然后把客户的看法及时反馈给总部,这种一手信息尤为宝贵。”

不过,随着以IT技术为中心的网络科技日益发展,信息的不对称性越来越小,日本国内开始出现“商社斜阳论”和“商社不要论”等声音。“那些‘商社不要论’的鼓吹者并不真正了解商社,商社不仅要参与生意,更要通过获取信息发现新的生意,提前几年甚至几十年就开始前期投资,怎么可能不要呢?”中村是日本某商社部门负责人,在商界打拼已久的他对“情报”有着很深认识。中村对《环球时报》记者说,商社的大职能和大优势依然是“获取信息”,得益于商社的综合性,掌握的信息可以跨部门共享,在相关领域的信息收集能力,日本的综合商社甚至比政府部门更强。

日本有哪些情报机构?

抛开信息层面不说,在传统意义的情报收集上,日本尽管一直不遗余力,但深究起来它并没有中情局、克格勃、摩萨德那样著名的谍报机构。自二战结束后,其情报机构就分散化了。

专门详解时政新闻背后情况的日本网站“The page”本月初发文介绍称,日本的主要情报机关是日本警察厅警备局下面的警视厅公安部和公安调查厅。此外,还有日本内阁情报调查室、外务省国际情报统括官组织、防卫省的情报总部。这些加在一起构成了“日本内阁情报会议”。文章称,在日本,被民众认为是“情报机关”的地方,一般主要指警视厅公安部和公安调查厅。

《东京新闻》曾报道称,日本情报工作可分为两种,一种是防止本国情报泄露的反间谍工作,由“公安警察”承担;另一种是主动获得外国情报的“对外谍报”工作,主要由外交人员承担。

实际上,日本企业在情报收集上也有很强的实力。战后崛起过程中,日本企业这方面的做法就令美国印象深刻。曾任美国中情局国家情报委员会副主席特别助理的赫伯特蔠耶,描述过日本公司的活动:“每家日本公司的每个分公司都像真空吸尘器一样,从技术和时事杂志上,从有日本高管参加的工业和科学会议的学术报告里,甚至从晚宴或高尔夫球场上听到的流言蜚语中,搜集情报、数据、文件、手册和文章。其中一些贸易公司的活动非常频繁,三菱在纽约的情报人员占了曼哈顿一栋摩天大楼的整整两层。”

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