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安倍经济学扛不住安保法 日本想扩军太自不量力

2015-09-28 10:08:50   环球网

安倍经济学扛不住安保法

冯昭奎

安倍政府及自民党强推安保法后,不少人担心日本会在军事上有大动作。不过笔者认为,这首先要看日本当前的财力是否能提供足够的支撑。

从20世纪90年代以来,日本的财政状况持续恶化已达20多年,成为日本经济的一个顽疾。据2015年4月国际货币基金组织(IMF)的统计,2014年日本国家债务总额对国内生产总值之比例在列入统计对象的183个国家中“名列第一”,为 246.42%,比陷入财政危机的希腊(177.19%)、比曾因债务高企引爆执政危机的意大利(132.11%)以及美国(104.77%)、英国(89.54%)都高得太多。

从历史上看,第二次世界大战后的英国债务余额对GDP比例也仅为240%,日本在第二次世界大战末期为204%,可见日本财政目前困难之严重可谓“史上罕见”。然而背负着如此财政重担的安倍却还要将日本变成一个“能够进行战争的国家”,真是可谓“缺乏自知之明”,太不自量力。

多年来,日本一直是世界上负债最多的政府之一,为了避免出现财政危机,历届政府都提出了财税改革措施,力图重建和完善财政,但均以效果甚微告终。有日本学者认为日本重建财政失败的本质原因在于其预算制度的缺陷,为了克服日本的财政困境,急需实施预算制度、公务员制度和社会保障制度的改革;当前日本财政之所以陷入困境,最根本原因在于从政治家到官僚直到日本国民,长期以来一直对改革采取回避的态度所致。然而在这种情况下,自2012年第二届安倍政府执政以来,一方面继续回避对预算制度等施行真正的改革,另一方面却使2002年度以来10年未增的日本防卫费用转为“三年连增”,2016年度将比上年度增加3.5%,首次超过5万亿日元,创下历史新高;不久前安倍政府强推所谓“安保改革法案”并获得众议院通过,而日本赞成和反对安保法案的两派都认为,安保法案获得国会正式通过后,自卫队的活动范围必将扩大,防卫费用也会随之进一步膨胀。显然,日本政府的财政局面将更加严峻。

不久前,安倍曾在美国表示,有意增加防卫费用,并称:“如果经济增长,GDP增加,社会保障的财政基础变得牢固,防卫费用就会切实增多。”然而,从第二届安倍内阁上台以来,以美元换算的日本国内生产总值不但没有增加,反而逐年缩水,从2012年的5.95万亿美元减少到2013年的4.92万亿美元,2014年的4.61万亿美元,这意味着日本的防卫费与国内生产总值一增一降,反向而行,前者“过五”(超过5万亿日元),后者“破五”(跌破5万亿美元)。最新数据显示,日本经济在2015年第二季度以折算年率负1.2%的速度缩减,《日本经济新闻》8月31日公布的调查结果显示,37%的受访者赞赏安倍的经济政策,而45%则持否定态度。

从这几年“安倍经济学”的不良表现来看,很难让人相信安倍会有什么神机妙算能让“国内生产总值增加,社会保障的财政基础变得牢固”,除非他牺牲老百姓的利益大幅度削减民生预算,放弃以2020年度为目标年度的“财政健全化计划”,这又必然遭到社会舆论与广大民众的反对。总之,以强推安保法案为主旨的“安倍军事学”与步履蹒跚的“安倍经济学”之间的矛盾终将爆发出来。▲(作者是中国社科院荣誉学部委员、中国中日关系史学会顾问)

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