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战火纷飞的叙利亚,民众流离失所。这也严重破坏了叙利亚阿勒颇市的植物种子库。据香港《文汇报》9月23日援引外媒消息,国际干旱地区农业研究中心研究人员日前已经向挪威斯瓦尔巴种子库提出申请,希望提取130箱种子,共计11.6万个样本。报道称,这是挪威斯瓦尔巴种子库成立7年多以来的首次提取。
报道称, 国际干旱地区农业研究中心(ICARDA)总部此前设在叙利亚阿勒颇,当地种子库里曾存有小麦、大麦等许多适合旱区生长的植物种子。2011年叙利亚内战打响,这里也随即遭到严重毁坏,ICARDA总部被迫迁至黎巴嫩首都贝鲁特,原来的种子库只能勉强维持冷藏功能,但已无法继续培育并提供种子。对此,中东研究人员不得不向挪威斯瓦尔巴种子库求助,申请提取当地所需种子,以缓解当地生态严重破坏问题。
植物“诺亚方舟”
2008年投入使用斯瓦尔巴全球种子库建在距离北极点约1000 公里的挪威斯瓦尔巴群岛的一处山洞中。 目前约有1 亿粒世界各地的农作物种子被保存在零下18 摄氏度的地窖中。这里存放的小麦、大麦和豌豆等重要农作物种子可持续保存长达1000年,而生存能力最强的高粱种子,大约能存放1.95 万年。
实际上,世界各地有1400 多家种子银行,但这些种子银行的安全性时常受到威胁。比如:2006 年,菲律宾一家种子库因洪水被毁,而伊拉克、阿富汗境内的种子银行也因战乱而被破坏。
斯瓦尔巴全球种子库深藏于极地永冻土中,由于地理位置处于北极圈以内,气候寒冷,人迹罕至,让其几乎不用担心遭遇安全威胁。就算有偷盗者造访,也有北极熊——这些恪尽职守的“巡逻员”们保护。此前有报道称,人类只有遇到核战争、小行星撞击等末日危机,或外界没有其他种子可用的情况下才能打它,其也因此得名植物“诺亚方舟”。
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