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日本:新安保法是应美国要求 能避免对中国战争

2015-09-21 10:22:17   环球网

日本《产经新闻》9月19日发表题为《日美军事同盟得到强化》的文章称,包括允许有限行使集体自卫权在内的新安保法案通过后,日美在外交和安保领域的合作将进一步扩大。

安保领域合作扩展

防卫省负责人指出,“美国政府对于行使‘集体自卫权’成为可能表示欢迎”。

其原因在于,美国方面对“即便为保护日本而实施行动的美国军队遭受攻击,日本也不会掩护美军”(援引美国外交人士的话)这一以往的法律规定感到不满。

如果被认定为存亡危机事态,那么以往不可能实施的掩护美军舰艇行动等也可能实施。比如,朝鲜半岛爆发战争、朝鲜与驻韩美军进入交战状态时,日本认为在符合“新三项条件”的情况下,就能够防护运送半岛难民的美军舰艇和海上自卫队的护卫舰。

基于新《重要影响事态法》的后方支援中,对美军提供弹药或给准备起飞的飞机加油也成为可能。美国的目的是,为在中国加紧进入的南海等地实现稳定化,充分利用日本自卫队的协作。

另一方面,因为日本强烈期待美军参与包括尖阁诸岛(即我钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿)在内西南诸岛的防卫以加强遏制力,因此离岛防卫联合训练等一线的相互交流将进一步得到推进。

配合美亚太“再平衡”

日本《每日新闻》9月19日发表题为《安保法将促进日美军事同盟一体化》的报道称,对于日本朝野围绕解禁集体自卫权的安保法案而展开的攻防战,美中两国给予强烈关注。美国政府认为日本安保政策的转变将使美军与自卫队的合作得到加强,因而持欢迎态度。

日本制定允许行使集体自卫权和随时向海外派遣自卫队的永久性法律,是美国方面长期以来的要求。为满足这一要求,安倍晋三首相4月在美国众参两院联席会议上承诺将通过安保法案。美国为了遏制中国高调进军海洋的行为,谋求与亚太的盟友加强合作,希望装备水平和能力较高的日本发挥更大作用。

7月在华盛顿举行自卫队与美军高层间“日美战略对话”后,日本自卫队统合幕僚长河野克俊对记者表示,“美国军方对安保法制抱有期待”。他说,在就中长期的同盟合作进行讨论时,感到了美国对南海问题持非常严厉的态度。

作为亚太“再平衡”政策的一部分,美军在2020年前要把六成的舰艇派向该地区,还将在日本追加部署最新式的“宙斯盾”舰。但是,面对增加国防预算、推进现代化的中国,国防预算呈持续缩减趋势的美国,不得不借助于加强与盟国的合作。

对于在南海等地频繁开展活动的中国,美军采取在冲绳县嘉手纳基地部署新型P-8巡逻机等手段加强了监视机制。日本自卫队也在加紧配备国产巡逻机。美国国防部高官看准安保法案将通过,一直表示希望自卫队在南海实施巡逻活动。其思路是,通过制定法律来规定日美实施从平时的巡逻、训练到战时的联合作战,来加强合作,遏制中国。

日本军备势必增强

日本《读卖新闻》9月19日发表题为《日美安保步入新时代》的文章称,使行使集体自卫权成为可能的安保法案通过后,战后日本的安保政策将大幅向前迈进。以日美同盟为基轴的日本的遏制力将得以提高,针对紧张的东亚局势的防备将切实增强,同时日本实施国际贡献的范围将大幅扩展。

安保法案通过后,在朝鲜半岛发生武力冲突之际,自卫队就可以基于集体自卫权,为防护美军舰艇和保卫航路而负责海上扫雷,也可以对重新开展活动、参加“联合国军”的澳大利亚军队等提供加油、物资运输等后方支援。

日本对进口原油和天然气很依赖,确保海上航线是捍卫民众生活的最优先课题之一。安倍首相把中东霍尔木兹海峡引为行使集体自卫权的一例。不止于此,从印度洋到南海、东海的漫长航线,都已成为日本经济的生命线。

海上自卫队的两艘护卫舰投入非洲索马里海域实施打击海盗活动,也是基于以下思路,即“受惠于海上生命线的日本,必须自己拿出实际行动来”(援引海上自卫队负责人的话)。

安保法案提高日本遏制力的一面也不容忽视。在冲绳县尖阁诸岛周边,频频发生中国军队用火控雷达照射或让战斗机异常接近等挑衅行为。自卫队与美军面对此类情况,以后就可以根据此次通过的安保法案,一边相互守护,一边巡逻监视。防卫省负责人说,“为了避免与中国发生冲突,从平常就表现出日美‘一体’很重要”。

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