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美媒曝美海军对华新战术:无人潜航器探中国潜艇

2015-04-17 11:04:22   新华社-参考消息

美国战略之页网站4月12日发表题为《潜艇:美国海军针对中国的计划》的文章称,美国海军潜艇部队的将领们对于那些针对中国的行动不像他们冷战期间对于那些针对苏联的行动那样秘密。上世纪90年代,美国才允许针对苏联的潜艇间谍行动的一些细节公之于众。美国潜艇界对于当前的计划对中国意味着什么更加坦率。

一种战术涉及美国核潜艇携带十几艘鱼雷大小的无人潜航器,它们将从鱼雷管发射(有时也通过鱼雷管回收),以实施电子战(主要是干扰)和侦察(电子以及更常规的形式)。这种战术的优势在于,潜艇能够发射这些装置,然后趁无人潜航器对敌方传感器进行干扰的一段时间悄悄离开。在中方能够确定无人潜航器的位置并展开攻击之前,这些无人潜航器可以关闭然后悄悄离开。无人潜航器在完成任务后可以前往一个预定位置,在水下等候潜艇来接它们。潜艇还能释放可升至海面进行监听或干扰的浮标。对于那些监听装置,潜艇会在一段时间后回来搜集数据。这些浮标还能通过加密卫星链路将搜集到的数据传回海军总部,但这也将使中方能够发现它们,因此这些浮标可以自毁或沉入深海以免泄密。海军还测试了由鱼雷管发射的无人飞行器,用于侦察或干扰。

这种基于潜艇的电子战或侦察行动并不是新出现的。10年前人们就知道美国海军对无人潜航器很感兴趣,这些想法中的一些可追溯至上世纪90年代或者更早。技术常常要等很长时间才能跟上这些想法。有关一些研发工作的新闻已经发布。

例如,2007年,有关方面宣布一艘美国潜艇首次成功下水并在潜入水下时回收了一个无人潜航器。该无人潜航器是一种AN/BLQ-11远程水雷侦测系统,包含使之能搜寻水雷或其他物体的声呐装置。实际上,这种远程水雷侦测系统可以为攻击核潜艇实施前方侦察,或对一块区域进行搜索。该系统大小跟一枚鱼雷差不多,通过一个鱼雷管发射和回收。它随后通过一根18.5米的机械臂得到回收。该系统在第一次测试时就取得了成功,2天后又重复了这一试验。该无人潜航器被设计用在洛杉矶级和弗吉尼亚级核潜艇上。

这种远程水雷侦测系统能够连续运行40个小时,可离开潜艇135公里。它的巡航速度约为每小时7公里,最高时速可达12公里。它能在水下3至61.5米的深度工作。除GPS全球定位系统外,这种远程水雷侦测系统还拥有侧扫声呐、前视声呐、猎雷和靠泊声呐、声通信装置等设备。无人潜航器由电池提供动力,利用推力矢量喷水式推进器运行和操控。过去的无人潜航器是有线控制的,而这种远程水雷侦测系统能够独立完成任务。每套远程水雷侦测系统(2个无人潜航器、回收臂和其他装置)成本超过1亿美元。海军当时计划购买十几套该系统。这只是针对潜艇的众多无人潜航器设计之一。其他多数设计细节仍然是保密的。(编译/李莎)

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