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简氏分析未来防务支出趋势:亚太将成主要驱动力

2014-12-18 15:51:17   环球网

原标题:简氏分析未来防务支出趋势:亚太将成主要驱动力

据简氏防务周刊网站2014年12月15日报道,简氏防务周刊网站全球国防预算年度报告近日发布。报告总结的全球国防预算在2015年度的五大关键发展趋势如下:

1.全球防务支出复苏趋势将暂停

受西方国家预算削减和中东地区石油收益下降的影响,2015年全球防务支出将略有收缩。

尽管2014年全球防务支出有所回升,但阿尔及利亚、阿曼和沙特阿拉伯等主要的上升市场2015年能够继续增长须持谨慎态度,同时由于西方国家预算限制,全球防务支出将下降到1.6万亿美元左右。预计在2016年,国防预算将恢复增长。

2.西方国家的国防预算将继续下降

北约国家的国防预算占全球比例超过一半,其中最多的是美国。由于美国《2011年国防预算法案》限制了2021财年之前的国防预算上限,美国国防部支出难以增长。受财政扣押政策和海外应急行动(OCO)基金下降的双重影响,美国国防预算下行压力大,而近期的不确定性也较高。此外,欧洲地区近期的防务支出将继续下降,英国继续削减国防支出是主要原因。

3.石油收益下降,中东和北非地区国防预算高速增长的势头将终结

在过去3年内,中东和北非地区(MENA)的国防预算平均增长率接近9%,但近期由于油价下跌,这一增长势头将终结。

2014年12月,国际原油价格已经跌到了70美元/桶以下,而半年之前的6月份,油价还处于115美元/桶的水平。沙特阿拉伯、阿拉伯联合酋长国等地区主要防务市场将降低国防支出,该地区其他国家则基本保持稳定或略有增长,总体而言,中东北非地区2015年国防预算将保持平稳。

4.亚太地区将进一步巩固其作为未来全球国防预算增长主要驱动力的地位

简氏防务周刊估计,2014年亚太地区国防预算增长率约为3.3%,2015年这一增长率将提高到4.8%。

与中东北非地区不同,油价下跌将改善亚太地区政府的财政状况,对该地区的国防支出反而有正面作用。主要军费大国均已初步设定了2015年的国防支出计划,如中国、印度等国2015年的国防预算增长率均在5%以上。由于亚洲经济体中期内表现良好,亚太地区的军费开支已经占到了全球的四分之一以上,是全球防务支出恢复的主要驱动力。

5.乌克兰危机和伊斯兰国(IS)将继续成为全球防务支出的影响因素

乌克兰危机和伊斯兰国的出现带来的影响将继续成为2015年军费支出的影响因素。乌克兰危机的出现已经扭转了东欧国家军费下降的趋势,对俄罗斯的国防支出计划也产生了重要影响。同时,对伊斯兰国活动的关注将成为西方国家和中东地区国防预算的驱动力。这些危机的发展可能在近期内对有关国家的国防预算产生显著影响。(中国船舶工业综合技术经济研究院丁宏)

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