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俄罗斯外交上演绝地逆袭 欲彻底摆脱乌克兰困局

2014-11-24 10:21:53   中国青年报

原标题:普京展外交攻势欲破乌克兰困局

虽然已近年关,但俄罗斯外交却再次上演“绝地逆袭”,进入新一轮活跃期。俄总统普京继11月18日在克里姆林宫接见了朝鲜最高领导人特使崔龙海之后,又准备迎接到访的越南共产党中央总书记阮富仲。另悉,普京今年年底之前还将访问印度、乌兹别克斯坦和土耳其,明年年初还要出访埃及。

无疑,这一连串已经和将要发生的外交行动都是俄罗斯欲彻底摆脱“乌克兰困局”的再三尝试。俄罗斯2014年的外交可以说是“跌宕起伏、波澜不惊”。一年多来,围绕乌克兰这条清晰的主线,普京带领俄罗斯人民与基辅政权斗、与欧盟斗、与美国斗,可谓是百转千回、百折不挠。

乌克兰问题让普京“毁誉参半”:在俄罗斯国内,普京的支持率登峰造极;在欧美,普京被描绘成洪水猛兽。乌克兰对俄罗斯而言,不仅是外交,更是内政;对普京而言,不仅事关当下,而且事关未来。所以,普京和俄罗斯现在的所作所为,似乎都要透过“乌克兰”这个显微镜来观察和辨析,才能得出更深刻的解读。

因为乌克兰危机,在“西线战事吃紧”的情况下,普京特别希望“西方不亮东方亮”,以达到“声东击西”和“四两拨千斤”之效果。因此,俄罗斯一年来频频“向东看”:普京2014年5月和11月两次来华访问,中俄签署了60多份合作协议;普京利用APEC峰会之机与日本首相安倍会谈,答应2015年访问日本;拉近俄朝关系,接见访俄的金正恩特使。

在“向东看”的同时,俄罗斯又加紧“向南看”。这个“向南看”,不仅包括了普京今年7月对拉美国家的“系列访问”,还包括普京今年10月16日对南欧国家塞尔维亚进行的6小时“闪电访问”,也包括俄近期表现出的对东南亚和南亚国家的“格外垂青”。

11月20日,俄罗斯国防部长绍伊古访问巴基斯坦,成为1969年以来首位访巴的俄防长。访问期间,俄巴就加强军事合作签署了协议,其中包括俄向巴出售M-35直升机,帮助巴政府打击恐怖分子等。巴国防部长阿西夫在签字仪式后表示:“军事合作协议的签署具有里程碑式的意义,双方将把该协议转化为实际行动,在未来进一步加强两军关系。”据悉,巴基斯坦还对进口俄罗斯短程、中程防空导弹等武器表现出了浓厚兴趣。

11月23日,越共中央总书记阮富仲开始访俄。据越南媒体报道,阮富仲访俄期间将与普京就加强越俄全面战略伙伴全系、推动两国在各领域合作等问题展开讨论。阮富仲行前称,越南将竭尽全力推动东盟与对话伙伴国俄罗斯的关系,向俄表达加入俄罗斯、白俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦海关联盟的意愿,并在东盟框架内打造自由贸易区。此前,俄国家原子能署署长基里延科11月19日宣布,俄原子能公司在越南承建的“宁顺-1”核电站项目将于2015年年初开工,这将是越南的第一个核电站。

据俄媒体透露,普京将于12月11日访问印度。俄副总理罗戈津11月5日已率代表团赴新德里出席俄印政府间经贸、科技和文化合作委员会会议,为普京访印打前站。罗戈津称,俄印可能合作生产俄制“格洛纳斯”导航系统接收装置和苏霍伊“Superjet100”中短程客机,印度将成立工作组研究与俄白哈关税联盟建立自由贸易区的可行性。而印度总理莫迪11月13日在东盟峰会期间会见俄罗斯总理梅德韦杰夫时强调:“俄罗斯是我们最亲近的朋友,印度希望普京即将成行的访问把印俄关系的质量提升至新水平。”梅德韦杰夫称,俄印关系带有“享有特权的战略合作”性质。

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