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美中将:F-35A战机2016年难以实现初始作战能力

2014-11-14 17:08:08   中国新闻网

中新网11月14日电 据中国国防科技信息网报道,现在看起来,美国空军想要在2016年8月1日实现F-35A初始作战能力(IOC)的希望越来越渺茫。

据负责该4000亿美元项目的执行官空军中将Christopher Bogdan称,难以按期达到IOC的主要原因是由于到时缺乏大量的经过培训的可以修理这种单发隐身喷气式飞机的维护人员。

Bogdan于10月30日透露,“我非常担忧无法在2016年实现原有的诺言”。原计划是从A-10项目将大批有经验的维护人员转移到F-35项目的初期阶段(IOC阶段)。根据空军逐步退役A-10的计划,到2019年这些人员将逐步到位。

但是,国防部对于A-10退役计划的实施度大为不够,为人员过渡留下了很大的不确定性。Bogdan指出,达到IOC所需的1100名维护人员中有大约800名来源于A-10项目。从一种平台转为另一种平台的维护人员的过程已经有可借鉴的例子,如F-22就是如此。

在空军内部,官员们越来越认为难以在2016年8月达到预想的目标。空军官员已经审查了规定过程中的11个选项,都发现存在缺口。国民警卫队与预备役仅能提供不足100名维护人员,只是缺口的一小部分。要与维护人员签订合同到将其培训至合格可用的时间已经太晚了。而且这样做的费用也是难以获批。

空军官员称:“这是时间进度的问题,不是光用钱就可以解决的”。现在列入考虑的尽快使得F-35A达到初始作战能力的方案有两种。一种是承受传统机队就绪度风险,将更多的维护人员从其原有岗位转移到F-35项目;另一种是承受F-35A初期阶段的作战和就绪度风险。但这两种方案都不能显著加快达到初始作战能力的步伐。

此外,空军计划的F-35A维护人员构成中,有约80%是有经验的维护人员以及约20%的相对新手。培训一名有经验的战斗机维护专业人员需要大约9~12个月时间,而培训新手则需要更长的时间。

而且,保障中东地区空中作战的需求也影响维护人员的过渡工作。例如,为了支持轰炸机任务能力,空军在今年春季取消了将300名B-1轰炸机维护人员转移过渡到F-35的计划。

军方官员已经就此难题向国会做了汇报,但他们认为至少可以保证一部分维护人员能够转移到F-35项目中。而这一问题不仅会影响到形成初始能力的时间,还很可能会影响到未来多年众多的F-35的交付使用。计划安排F-35国际培训的卢克空军基地就会显著受到影响。

Bogdan和该空军官员称,他们不能确定空军何时会宣布IOC。同时,国防部首席采办Frank Kendall也指出很可能难以在2015年7月1日实现美国海军陆战队F-35达到初始作战能力的计划安排。但Bogdan和Kendall都乐观地认为能够在2015年12月实现海军的初始作战能力。(中国航空工业发展研究中心 王传胜)

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