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印媒:总理莫迪对印度新驱逐舰夸赞“言过其实”

2014-08-20 08:17:58   新华社-参考消息网

印海军“加尔各答”号驱逐舰

参考消息网8月19日报道 印度新德里电视台网站8月16日发表题为《总理关于“加尔各答”号驱逐舰的言论仅仅部分正确》的文章,其内容如下:

印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪8月16日说,在“加尔各答”号驱逐舰开始服役后,将没有任何国家会对印度构成挑战。他的表述仅仅部分正确。

实际情况是,该国打造的最大的驱逐舰“加尔各答”号,也是同级别3艘军舰中的第一艘,并没有真正完工。这艘舰艇仍缺少许多主要的武器系统和传感器,它们不是正在建造之中,就是尚未投产。

尽管“加尔各答”号驱逐舰及其姐妹舰“戈奇”号和“金奈”号或许有朝一日将成为真正世界一流的战斗平台,但如今情况却不是这样。实际上,“加尔各答”号的目前状况并不适合参战。

考虑一下如下情况吧。“加尔各答”号的配套防空导弹“巴拉克”-8导弹仍在该国与以色列的共同研发过程中。对其进行测试、将其安装到“加尔各答”号上,然后再进行用户海上测试,还需数月乃至数年时间。在没有“巴拉克”导弹——即海军所谓的远程面对空导弹——的情况下,“加尔各答”号缺乏用于抵御现代反舰导弹的可靠防御措施。配备反舰导弹的中国驱逐舰和护卫舰在海域中已不再陌生。“巴拉克”导弹可用于拦截至少70公里范围内的导弹和飞机。

“加尔各答”号驱逐舰也没有安装用来探测潜艇的一种主要的传感器——拖拽阵列声呐。印度正在研制的拖拽阵列声呐不合乎海军的要求,而采购国外生产的声呐系统的工作仍未完成。该种声呐能够探测到位于遥远海域、且在海面以下不同深度的敌军潜艇。排水量与之类似的欧洲和美国的现代驱逐舰都将拖拽阵列声呐作为其标准装备。

另一个令人严重担忧的方面是“加尔各答”级舰艇的主要引擎——乌克兰制造的M36E燃气涡轮机装置。这种装置功能可靠,维修周期之间的间隔时间长,为“加尔各答”级舰艇提供了所需的动力。但由于乌克兰目前处于战争状态,外界担心相关备用设备的长期供应可能会构成问题。对于海军而言,这将会是最为糟糕的情况。

尽管如此,“加尔各答”级驱逐舰的装置在一些方面确实处于世界一流水平。其主要传感器是以色列生产的MF-STAR传感器,这种先进的有源相控阵列雷达能够追踪从250公里以外区域飞向本舰艇的导弹和飞机。它还能够同时追踪上百个目标,可用来为上述驱逐舰目前尚未配备的“巴拉克”远程面对空导弹进行导航。分析人士说,MF-STAR传感器与美国海军的“宙斯盾”作战系统以及AN/SPY-1D雷达天线处于同一级别水平。

但“加尔各答”号驱逐舰的设计特点相当令人费解。目前,该舰艇所设计的导弹搭载量仅为32枚“巴拉克”防空导弹。其导弹数量与已在服役的类似的欧洲和美国现代驱逐舰相比要少得多。尽管海军表示上述导弹搭载量是最为理想的,但考虑到“加尔各答”级驱逐舰安装的MF-STAR雷达所具备的能力,“巴拉克”导弹为数不多的情况似乎令人感到相当索然无味。

这就像为一名军人配备了一支闪闪发光的崭新步枪,但却只发给他一小把子弹一样。把这种情况与已经服役的与之相似的军舰上所配备的防空导弹做一下比较吧:印度海军的“希瓦利克”级护卫舰装有32枚“巴拉克”-1防空导弹和24枚俄罗斯生产的“施蒂尔”-1导弹;而由俄罗斯打造的“塔尔瓦”级护卫舰配备了64枚导弹,其中包括24枚“施蒂尔”-1导弹和40枚9M311导弹。

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