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日纪念广岛纪念核爆 63%受访者对日废核措施不满

2014-08-06 14:55:41   中国新闻网

今年8月6日是日本广岛原子弹爆炸69周年纪念日。今天,日本民众、首相安倍晋三及数十国家和地区的代表将出席在广岛和平纪念公园举行的纪念仪式,以悼念逝者,祈愿和平。但就在今年年初,日本被曝瞒报武器级核原料,加速修宪扩军也让日本核爆受害者担忧再次卷入战争;曾因发动战争而饱受核武之苦的日本,其“核”未来仍值得警惕和关注。

美军69年前投下“小男孩” 加速二战日本投降

第二次世界大战于1939年全面爆发,战争把世界分为两大阵线:参加反法西斯同盟国的包括中、苏、美、英、法等50国,参加法西斯国家集团的有德、意、日等7国。在亚洲,中国战场担负着反对日本侵略者的主要任务。在欧洲,苏德战场为主要战场。

1945年5月8日,第二次世界大战的罪魁祸首德国宣布无条件投降。7月26日,美国、英国和中国三国发表“波茨坦宣言”,敦促日本迅速无条件投降,但日本政府置之不理。

为迫使日本迅速投降,1945年8月6日8时15分,美军一架B-29轰炸机飞临日本广岛市区上空,投下一颗代号为“小男孩”的原子弹。

“小男孩”是一颗铀弹,长3米,直径0.7米,内装60公斤高浓铀,重约4吨,梯恩梯当量为1.5万吨。炸弹在距地面580米的空中爆炸,在巨大冲击波的作用下,广岛市的建筑全部倒塌,全市24.5万人口中有7.815万人当日死亡,死伤总人数达20余万,城市化为一片废墟。

这是人类历史上首次将核武器用于实战,广岛成为第一座遭受原子弹轰炸的城市。

投下“小男孩”后3天,美军又出动B-29轰炸机将代号为“胖子”的原子弹投到日本长崎市。长崎市约60%的建筑物被毁,伤亡8.6万人,约占全市总人口的37%。8月15日,日本宣布无条件投降,9月2日签署投降书。第二次世界大战至此结束。

日本有关部门统计,截至2010年,广岛因受原子弹伤害而死亡的人数已达27万人。

广岛纪念仪式祈愿和平数十国代表参加

就在不久前的7月29日,69年前日本广岛原子弹投弹任务组的最后一名成员西奥多·范柯克在美国去世,终年93岁。范柯克生前接受媒体采访曾表达对原子弹和战争的厌恶,但坚持认为对日本投下原子弹的决定正确,因为这加速了日本军国主义投降,从长期角度看是“挽救生命”。

美军原子弹轰炸广岛和长崎,使日本人民遭受到军国主义者发动侵略战争带来的严重灾难。日本人民成为战争的受害者,同时也亲身体验了原子弹造成的无穷遗患。为此,广岛市每年都会举行悼念仪式及和平祈愿仪式。

据日本媒体报道,今年的广岛纪念仪式仍将依照往年惯例,于6日上午8点起在广岛市中区的和平纪念公园举行,持续45分钟。全球68个国家及欧盟代表将出席仪式,美国驻日本大使卡罗琳肯尼迪将代表美国出席。

日本首相安倍也将出席纪念活动,为当年核爆遇难者祈福。

在纪念仪式上,广岛市长松井一实将发表《和平宣言》,呼吁废除核武器,要求政府走“和平国家道路”。宣言将指出“要深刻认识在《日本国宪法》崇高的和平主义之下69年没有战争的事实”。

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