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日本P-1反潜巡逻机亮相范堡罗航展 英方寻求合作

2014-07-16 08:23:57   环球网

【环球网报道 记者 王欢】全球最大的航空展“范堡罗国际航展”于7月14日拉开帷幕。该展会不仅是民营产业,也是各国防卫产业激烈角逐的舞台。《日本经济新闻》7月15日报道称,由于放宽“武器出口三原则”,日本的川崎重工业等企业首次参展,吸引了各国国防人士的关注。在成本高等难题堆积如山的背景下,日本的防卫产业正在摸索着如何走出孤立的市场。

嗡嗡作响的战机在上空中盘旋,军用直升飞机停靠在范堡罗国际航展的会场内。在首次参展的川崎重工的展位上,日本国产巡逻机“P1”模型的负责人在为现场观众介绍最新技术。英国超级电子公司的负责人称:“我对声纳浮标技术很感兴趣,日本的技术实力卓越,如果能够对外出口,或许可以进行合作。”

“P-1”是以川崎重工为核心开发的日本纯国产巡逻机。除了NEC的声纳技术之外,IHI的高性能发动机、首次将操作系统从电力转变化光信号的系统等也备受关注。川崎重工社长村山滋表示“有望构筑互惠关系,能为对方国家的国防事业提供合作”,显示出将积极应对日本政府的新原则。

报道称,全球国防产业的市场规模在40万亿日元以上。其中,进出口的交易额被认为在7.4万亿日元左右。日本政府4月通过了在防卫省的指示和管理下允许出口防卫装备品的转移三原则。对于此前只有防卫省这一个客户的日本防卫相关企业来说,这将成为其从1.6万亿日元的“日本市场”走向世界市场的良机。

“长距离弹道导弹的开发离不开你们的合作”,在日本政府放宽武器出口三原则的2014年春季,欧洲导弹集团(MBDA)与三菱电机就共同开发战斗机用空对空导弹“流星”达成了共识。MDBA垂涎的是三菱重工的红外线技术,该技术还可用于大型望远镜和家用空调。发出红外线便可精确追踪和捕捉目标物体,就像是导弹的眼睛。

《日经新闻》还称,欧美关注的不仅仅是防卫装备品,还有被称为“军民两用(dual-use)”、来自民间的转用部件。例如此次展出的IHI的飞机发动机部件,将碳化硅纤维制成碳化硅陶瓷后再烧结而成的复合材料“CMC”,和镍合金相比,其重量仅为4分之1,而耐热性却达到1400度以上。新一代零部件CMC方面,美国通用电气(GE)和IHI先行一步。目前两家公司正在加紧将用于民用发动机的CMC推向实用化。虽然成本较高,但是完全有可能应用于高性能战斗机。日本一家大型商社表示,实际上,来自欧美国防相关人士有关无人侦察机用相机传感器等民营技术的洽询不断增多。日本防卫省装备政策课的江原康雄企划调整官也指出“在材料、电子零部件和测量仪器等领域,日本企业具有优势”。

不过,日本企业要获得全球的防卫产业需求仍面临着众多课题。成本高就是其中之一。日本防卫省采购的装备品的合约期限仅为5年。此外企业以低于合约的价格制造出装备品的情况下还需返还多出的利润,这降低了企业削减成本的积极性。日本防卫省计划今后修改这一机制。

此外,防卫咨询公司GLobal insight的社长长濑正人表示,日本防卫省与对象国谈判的“抵消贸易”的运用也成为紧迫的课题。具体来说就是日本采购战斗机等完成品时,作为回报将在日本生产零部件。在意大利和韩国,进口装备品都以在本国生产为条件,这有助于本国防卫产业的振兴。

关于防卫装备品的技术转移,安倍政权本月与澳大利亚缔结了协定,此外还在与法国推进谈判。不过有观点认为“即便对三原则进行调整,企业也必须在防卫省的指示下行动。能否成为增长产业完全取决于防卫省”(日本某重工企业的高管)。日本大多数防卫装备品厂商都持观望态度,对于此次亮相表现谨慎。“今后日本防卫产业能否顺利发展的关键似乎在于官民能否统一步调”,《日经新闻》认为。

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