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日称其五代机兼具苏-35和F-22长项 提出3F概念图

2014-05-30 08:30:38   环球网

日本防卫省技术研究本部宣称,作为一款超音速飞机,ATD-X将同时具备隐形和高机动性。

【环球军事报道】据环球人物杂志5月26日报道,英国《简氏防务周刊》近日称,日本防卫大臣小野寺五典确认,2014年内将对其研发的“先进技术试验战斗机”ATD-X进行首飞测试。这是取代日本航空自卫队现役F-2战机的原型机,日本将由此迈入第五代自主研发战机俱乐部。

力争“3F”功能

尽管欧美对下一代战机的标准已有定义,即具备4S性能(隐形、超音速、超机动性和综合化航电),日本人还是为ATD-X别出心裁地提出了一个3F功能。据日本《朝日新闻》报道,所谓3F就是“首先发现”、“首先攻击”和“首先摧毁”。

日本防卫省技术研究本部宣称,作为一款超音速飞机,ATD-X将同时具备隐形和高机动性。通常情况下,战机的隐形性和机动性对战机外形的设计要求是截然相反的。ATD-X的研发正是为了解决这一矛盾:能够既像苏-35等战机那样进行高机动性飞行,又具备F-22战机的隐形性。

日本防卫省官员透露,为了实现高机动性控制,ATD-X的飞行控制系统采用了光纤式线传飞控,即用光导纤维、电子线路等与机上电脑连接,对飞行进行控制,此技术在川崎重工的P-X反潜机上也有使用。在航电系统方面,最大亮点是采用了整合高性能主动相控阵雷达、电子战系统以及多功能射频传感器,且利用了智能蒙皮技术--在机身上附着“瓦片式相控阵雷达天线”,极大提高了雷达的探测范围和探测距离。

当然,战机的机动性能好坏,还要依靠发动机的推力。虽然日本车用发动机研制能力很强,但在航空发动机领域的水平却没有想象的高。据专家分析,日本具有较强的航空发动机的加工能力,但设计经验欠缺。正因为此,日本加大了对发动机的研发力度。据日本媒体报道,ATD-X装备的两台日本国产XF5-1涡轮风扇发动机,总推力能够达到10吨。ATD-X目前起飞重量预定约为8吨。

ATD-X的机体预定尺寸只有14米(F-22全长为18.92米)机体的材质使用了新设计的复合材料,搭配上同时兼具匿踪性和机动性的“高机动飞行制御系统”。

防中国也防美国

ATD-X项目计划开始于本世纪初,由三菱重工和日本防卫省技术研究所联合研发。2005年11月,在东京的一个研究会上,人们首次看到了1:32的ATD-X模型。第二年春天,一个1: 5的ATD-X模型初次进行了飞行试验。

2007年8月,日方一家媒体独家公开了拥有机体、发动机、推力偏向装置的ATD-X缩比模型。这个机体总共制造了4架,该媒体的记者亲眼目睹了试验的过程。试验在北海道大树町多目的航空公园进行,几个月内共试验了40多次,其中包含了远距离遥控、自律飞行等多项研究。到2011年,又完成了“智能蒙皮机体构造的研制”。据日本媒体报道,预计到2015年,防卫省总共花在ATD-X项目上的研究费用将达394亿日元(约合人民币24亿元)。

ATD-X的研发被国际社会认为是针对中国的,尤其是在中国的歼-20和歼-31隐形战机首飞之后。

近几十年间,日本航空自卫队的装备一直比中国的好。特别是在上世纪80年代,日本就开始装备F-15战斗机和响尾蛇-9L空空导弹,进一步拉大了与中国空中力量的差距。但自本世纪初起,中国空军开始大量装备第四代战机,这些飞机使用了较为先进的航电设备,中日双方空中力量对比逐步出现了一些变化。在去年的ATD-X组装仪式上,三菱重工发言人表示,该机将在今后10年逐步取代其生产的F-2和F-15战斗机,作为从美国订购的F-35战斗机的补充。

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