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驻日美军第二个X波段雷达基地开建 直指中国导弹

2014-05-28 14:44:21   环球网

【环球时报特约记者 丰 豆】据日本《每日新闻》27日报道,美军用于部署高性能预警系统X波段雷达的基地,于当日清晨在京都府京丹后市日本航空自卫队经岬分屯基地周边正式开工。

该军事基地将按照日美地位协定第2条所规定的类型,作为“美军专用区域”,被命名为美军“经岬通信所”。基地一旦建成,将成为美军在关西近畿地区唯一的军事基地。该军事基地可能成为防御导弹攻击的最前沿。27日上午,安倍与访日的美国海军作战部长、海军上将格林纳特进行会谈。双方就努力强化日美同盟关系以及强化日美同盟的抑制力和应对能力等方面达成一致。

《京都新闻》称,去年2月美日首脑在会谈中明确表示追加部署X波段雷达计划后,日本政府并未确定该基地属于美军与自卫队共同使用还是美军专用设施,而此次开工得以明确。防卫省称,美军经岬通信所占地面积约为3.5公顷,预计基地办公楼和仓库等主体设施将于12月底投入使用。作为防御弹道导弹攻击体系的一环,美军将在该基地部署一台移动式X波段雷达,并将全天候运转。预计约有160名军人和家属在该基地工作。美军目前在日本青森县津轻市的航空自卫队车力分屯基地已经拥有一个X波段雷达站。

美国X波段雷达的奥妙在于,该雷达并非一部简单的导弹预警雷达。实际上,美国天上拥有国防支援卫星和天基红外系统用于导弹预警,地面还部署有较多的长波导弹预警雷达,从预警角度来看基本够用。而X波段雷达的优势在于跟踪、测量精度非常高,这正是进行反导拦截所必需的。通常而言,实施反导拦截作战,必须精确、实时掌握目标导弹的速度、距离、高度等信息,进行射击诸元解算,才能引导反导拦截弹进行精确拦截。而这种精确跟踪是导弹预警卫星和之前的大部分长波预警雷达所无法完成的,这正是美国研制、部署X波段导弹预警雷达的重要原因。不过由于X波段大气损耗较大,探测距离有限,所以这种雷达要想充分发挥作用必须前置部署。

驻日美军在日本京都部署X波段雷达,虽然打着防朝鲜的幌子,但实际上美国对朝鲜的导弹能力心知肚明,其最主要作用还是针对从中国内陆纵深向东和东北方向发射的弹道导弹。X波段雷达进行精密跟踪后计算出拦截点,通过指挥系统控制位于阿拉斯加的地基拦截弹或者位于宙斯盾舰上的“标准-3”系列拦截弹进行拦截。▲

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