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日本人如何看待打赢甲午战争:不愿再刺激中国

2014-05-14 12:02:05   环球网

日本新华侨报网5月12日文章 原题:日本人是这样看待甲午中日战争的

时光流转,又一个甲午年。

在1894年甲午战争爆发之际,日本国民更多的是不理解。他们不理解为什么作为学生的日本,要对自己的老师——中国大动刀戈。据《明治大正见闻录》里记述,甲午战争开战那年,家住上州沼田的生方敏郎正好12岁。他家里有一道被视作珍宝的中国屏风,他家乡一年一度的夏日祭的山车上,高立着刘邦、项羽等中国豪杰的等身人像,他一直被父母和老师教授的是汉文典籍。他不明白日本为什么要与这样一个国家为敌。“当时的日本人,可没有谁敢自负说要比过中国人,我们只奢望不要太落后于中国就好了”。

在东京出生的作家谷崎润一郎也是如此。他在回忆录《幼少时代》里写道:“有一天,我在饭桌上问父亲日本为什么要对中国开战,父亲一边喝酒一边长篇大论的解释。可是不论父亲怎么说,我都无法点头称是。”

然而,从这场甲午战争后,日本人的意识形态发生巨变,从谦卑、自矜逐渐膨胀成傲慢、自大,对中国、朝鲜也萌生了歧视心理。日本社会主义运动的先驱者、评论家荒畑寒村在《寒村自传》里记述,“在(甲午)战前,在日华人相当地受欢迎,在横滨卖衣服的来自中国的人,可比在横滨卖药的来自富山的日本人更受优待。”然而战中,“各地上演的甲午战争剧目里,扮演中国士兵的日本舞台剧演员一登场,就有观众向其扔花生壳和桔子皮,有的演员忍无可忍,甚至在舞台上对着观众大喊,‘我们也是满怀爱国心的日本人。’”

日本明治时期著名的基督教思想家内村鉴三在《日清战争之义》中认为:日本和中国分别是“代表新文明之小国”和“代表旧文明之大国”。在他看来,日本发动甲午战争的目的有三个:其一是“使支那惊醒”,其二是“使其知吾之天职”,其三是“使其与我合作从事东洋的改革。”

曾任日本外相的陆奥宗光在《蹇蹇录》里也说,开战后,日本各大报纸都争相刊登有关战事的报道,这些报道里“过度地夸大清国官民的短处,满是谩骂诽谤,以不堪入目的词语毁谤李鸿章的身份。”日本媒体的这种做法无疑是煽动了日本国民对战争的热情,也催化了民族偏见。

信夫清三郎在《日本政治史》一书中指出:日清战争(甲午战争)终于统一了日本的国民:“日清战争在使天皇‘君临在每个国民心中’的同时,也在‘每个国民心中’确定了‘臣民’意识。三国干涉则使国民的统一进一步加强。”显然,甲午战争前后,近代日本以臣民的方式形成了“国民”。

著名历史学家远山茂树在《日本近代史》一书中指出:“甲午战争并不是由于日本帝国主义矛盾而爆发的战争,但在完成帝国主义世界体制和作为日本帝国主义形成过程中的开端,却是划时代的。”

河原宏在《近代日本的亚洲认识》一书中指出:“由于甲午战争的胜利,日本朝野认为中国不再是日本近代化的竞争对手,所以对中国和朝鲜来说,无论是在文明方面,还是在军事装备方面,日本都已经成为一个应当崇拜和敬服的‘先进大国’,日本今后要充当‘东洋的盟主’。”

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