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【环球军事报道】据香港“文汇报”4月16日报道,韩国防卫事业厅日前公布,去年军工产业出口额达34亿美元,创历史新高,这是2006年的13倍多。7年来,韩国军工产业持续快速增长,已跻身全球全球增长最快的武器出口国之一。
斯德哥尔摩国际和平研究所(SIPRI)数据显示,韩国在2008年至2012年间是全球第4大武器进口国,占整体付运量5%;武器出口同期排16,占整体付运量不足1%。虽然出口额远逊美国等武器出口大国,但已扭转该国一向重进口武器的形势。
据报道,韩国军工产业崛起主要原因有三:其一是韩国通过大量进口外国尤其美国军备,吸取外国先进技术。另外,在韩国政府大力推动下,国防私人研发投资额亦由2005年的1322亿美元,增至2008年的4107亿美元。
其二是地缘政治因素。除朝鲜军事威胁逼使韩国大力推动国防发展外,东南亚国家为抗衡“中国崛起”,纷纷引入先进军备,也为韩国带来商机。与中国有主权争议的菲律宾去年便提出向韩购买12架FA-50战机;马来西亚近年亦斥资4亿美元添购韩军备。
其三是价钱上的优势。虽然韩国武器质素上稍逊欧美竞争对手,但其劳工成本和部件费用较低,受不少“荷包紧绌”的国家青睐。此外,相比美国严格限制军事技术出口,韩国对军事技术转移态度较宽松,亦是受欢迎的原因。(实习编辑:路瑶 审核:谭利娅)
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