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美媒:若俄罗斯染指爱沙尼亚 美不出兵将终结北约

2014-03-25 15:32:09   环球网

【环球军事报道】美国国家利益杂志3月22日发表美国外交政策委员会高级研究员詹姆斯·罗宾斯的文章称,普京称俄罗斯对克里米亚采取的行动,是为了俄罗斯与克里米亚“重新统一”,而奥巴马总统已经表示不会“出兵”乌克兰。乌克兰17%人口为俄罗斯族,而爱沙尼亚25%人口为俄罗斯族,假设爱沙尼亚爆发反俄暴动,而俄罗斯“保护”这些俄罗斯族人,并让他们“重回”祖国。在这种情况下,奥巴马总统可以做出没有必要出动美军的决定,而这种做法不仅会让爱沙尼亚至少会失去一些领土,也会导致北约终结,而这正是莫斯科的长期战略目标之一。

文章称,美国副总统拜登日前前往华沙,安抚美国的北约同盟,告诉他们美国是其“坚定盟友”。不过,如果俄罗斯入侵波兰或波罗的海国家,美国真的会对俄开战吗?还是会选择什么都不做,让北约瓦解?奥巴马总统已经表示不会“出兵”乌克兰。美国没有采取行动反对俄罗斯吞并克里米亚的法律义务。如果俄罗斯针对乌克兰打响大规模战争,恢复前乌克兰总统亚努科维奇的统治,美国不会开战。即便乌克兰被俄罗斯分裂或吞并,美国也不会出兵。这种冲突不符合美国的利益,因此美国没兴趣这样做。

不过,北约盟国不同。《北大西洋公约》是一个共同防卫条约,条约第五条规定:“对欧洲或北美一个或几个缔约国的武装进攻,应视为对缔约国全体之攻击。” 这是一条清楚的红线。2001年9月11日美国遭遇恐怖袭击后,大部分北约盟国向阿富汗与伊拉克派兵,这是第五条生效的唯一一次。

目前乌克兰危机会蔓延到北约吗?乌克兰的发展局势一直被与1938年德国吞并奥地利或后来的德国肢解捷克斯洛伐克相提交论。希拉里·克林顿把俄罗斯总统普京比作阿道夫·希特勒,这样一来,就把美国总统奥巴马放在了英国首相张伯伦的位置上,而张伯伦并没有成功的实现“我们这个时代的和平”。

如果在不久的未来出现相似的情况,在俄罗斯威胁只是一种理论时,美国是否会对波兰与波罗的海国家做出安全承诺?拜登与爱沙尼亚总统托马斯·亨德里克·伊尔韦斯3月18日“重新确认并重申了在第五条规定下的集体防御承诺。”此后不久,莫斯科对爱沙尼亚俄罗斯族“表示关切”。

普京称俄罗斯对克里米亚采取的行动,是为了俄罗斯与克里米亚“重新统一”。乌克兰17%人口为俄罗斯族,而爱沙尼亚25%人口为俄罗斯族,主要聚居在爱沙尼亚北部与东部地区。假设爱沙尼亚“自发地”爆发反俄暴动,如果俄罗斯“保护”这些俄罗斯族人,并让他们“重回”祖国,美国是否会采取行动?奥巴马总统是否会为了一个遥远的小国针对俄罗斯采取军事行动?

1939年波兰走廊时的情景是否会重演?这还非常值得怀疑。美国是否会按照协约规定出兵干预?美国副总统拜登在会见爱沙尼亚总统时曾表示,这是“我们必将会履行的绝对庄严的承诺。”然而,第五条也规定,北约成员国承诺“采取必要行动,包括利用武力”援助受到攻击的国家。这无需白宫律师寻找漏洞,奥巴马总统自己就能够轻易做出没有必要出动美军的决定。他可以回到红线以内,就像美国曾在叙利亚做的那样。

虽然美国可能会与俄罗斯对话,并对其施加微小的制裁,但爱沙尼亚至少会失去一些领土。在实际情况下,这可能会意味着北约的终结,而这正是莫斯科的长期战略目标之一。普京的象棋游戏不会止步于克里米亚。(知远 北风)

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