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博弈克里米亚:公投箭在弦上 美俄“身不由己”

2014-03-16 15:10:40   中国新闻网

中新社北京3月15日电 题:博弈克里米亚:公投“箭在弦上”美俄“身不由己”

作者 刘旭

乌克兰克里米亚自治共和国总理阿克肖诺夫当地时间14日表示,克里米亚公投筹备工作进展顺利,投入的安保力量将超过15000人。美国国务卿克里当天在与俄罗斯外长拉夫罗夫会见时则再次强调,美国没有改变立场,不会承认克里米亚公投结果。

乌克兰宪法法院当天则发布判决说,克里米亚自治共和国议会3月6日作出的公投决定违反宪法,并即日起失效,克里米亚全民公决各级组委会应停止工作。代行总统职责的议长图尔奇诺夫当天还签署命令,宣布终止克里米亚议会11日就“独立宣言”通过的决定之效力,指出该决定不符合乌克兰宪法和克里米亚宪法。

本月6日,乌克兰克里米亚自治共和国议会通过决议,决定克里米亚以联邦主体的身份加入俄罗斯联邦,并决定将关于该共和国地位的克里米亚全民公投提前到16日举行。距离预定的公投日已进入最后一天倒计时,一边是克里米亚紧锣密鼓筹备公投,一边是欧美国家不绝于耳的对俄制裁威胁,这场意欲“脱乌入俄”的公投会有怎样的结果,相关各方又会给出怎样的回应?

克里米亚:“基本无悬念”的公投

“这场公投可以说是'势在必行',结果也不难预测”,外交学院外交学系教授高飞在接受中新社记者采访时表示,这场克里米亚当局提出来的“入俄”公投的筹备工作一直没有间断,“举行公投是毫无悬念的”。

16日公投的问题有两个:一是否同意加入俄罗斯联邦,二是否同意恢复1992年宪法,赋予克里米亚更高自治权。作为俄乌之间“恒久友谊的象征”,克里米亚地区在语言、文化和民族认同上对俄罗斯具有天然的亲近感;在现实中,俄罗斯凭借地理上的接近和军事上的常规部署对这一地区有着重要影响,克里米亚政府先前也预计将有超过80%的克里米亚人支持该地区加入俄罗斯。

“从当地民族属性、人口结构、民意取向等角度看,并入俄罗斯的第一个问题获得多数支持很自然,但我们不能完全排除第二个问题的可能性”,华东师大俄罗斯研究中心副主任杨成表示,即便公投结果是第二个问题获得通过,对于克里米亚政府来说,也将扩大其自治权,实现更高程度的自治,“于克里米亚来说,无论哪一种结果都是好的”。但克里米亚的这一动作,将俄罗斯和美欧都推上了两难境地。

俄罗斯:“烫手山芋”何时接?

克里米亚要加入俄联邦,对于俄罗斯来说是有利动作,俄议会先前也表态称,如果大多数克里米亚人投票支持加入俄罗斯,俄议会将“表示欢迎”。但对于普京来说,若在公投之后立即签署文件接受克里米亚入俄,则意味着与乌克兰现政府决裂,也会使得俄罗斯与西方国家间的对抗升级,在呼吁政治解决乌克兰危机的国际舆论大背景下,俄罗斯极有可能陷入被动。中国社科院上合组织研究中心秘书长孙壮志认为,普京不会急于“给克里米亚一个名分”,在可预见的经济、军事压力下,俄方更有可能选择继续观望,度势而动。

孙壮志还指出,克里米亚公投或将成为俄罗斯下一阶段对乌克兰现政府施压的重要筹码,以便在乌克兰下一步的政治安排中施加压力。换句话说,克里米亚这枚“烫手山芋”接还是要接的,关键是要选择一个时机,既能用它的热气暖暖身,还得保证自己不会被烫伤。

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