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专家:乌克兰政局突变将成欧洲反导系统东扩契机

2014-03-11 09:12:01   环球网

近日,乌克兰局势的发展引发了国际社会的广泛关注,在西方势力的助推下,反对派重现政坛并掌控政局,政权更替几无悬念。

作为乌克兰的近邻,普京下一步将重点考虑并着力解决乌克兰的乱局带给俄罗斯的诸多难题。如今,乌克兰国内政治力量在俄罗斯与以美国为主的西方世界之间多方博弈,尤其是在欧盟向乌克兰抛出“橄榄枝”之后,乌克兰国内的一些亲西方政治势力表现地更加“十分上心”。但考虑到乌克兰对俄罗斯在政经上的巨大依赖性,其国内各方政治势力也会认真衡量加入西方世界后可能付出的巨大代价。

目前,各方在乌克兰的角力已经开始升温。军事方面,2月26日,俄罗斯总统普京突然下达指令,要求对俄军中部、西部军区所辖部队及该区域的空天防御、空降等部队进行突击战备检查。此次检查涉及俄军各兵种15万人,90架飞机、120多架直升机、约880辆坦克、80艘舰艇及1200台其他装备。当晚,俄罗斯国防部部长邵伊古宣布,战备检查与乌克兰局势无关。而就在前几天,美国正式警告俄罗斯不要军事介入乌克兰。经济方面,2月25日,俄罗斯宣布暂停对乌克兰的120亿美元的援助款项,欧盟几乎在同时敲定了一笔200亿欧元的援助,以帮助乌克兰实施改革。

目前来看,乌克兰的政局突变将主要给俄罗斯带来以下几点风险:

首先,俄罗斯军事存在将被削弱。克里米亚半岛是苏联时期划入乌克兰管辖的,位于该半岛的塞瓦斯托波尔港口是俄罗斯黑海舰队的重要军事基地。2010年俄罗斯刚与乌克兰签署了一揽子协议,包括将塞瓦斯托波尔港口租期续约到2042年。一旦俄罗斯失去了这个重要的军事基地,那其在黑海、地中海、甚至大西洋的军事存在将会被大大削弱。

其次,反导战线逼近至俄罗斯“家门口”。如果乌克兰新政府选择了向西方“转向”,那北约将把乌克兰作为一个重要的“战略楔子”打入俄罗斯的家门口,随之而来的欧洲导弹防御系统也将会随着北约入驻乌克兰。因此不得不说,乌克兰政局突变将成为北约反导系统东扩的一个重要契机。

一旦北约反导系统入驻乌克兰,将会是多元化、全方位的,主要体现在:一是部署反导监控预警系统,对来自俄罗斯的弹道导弹提供全程预警。二是部署陆基反导系统,可供选择的反导武器包括欧洲紫苑导弹系统、美国爱国者导弹系统等。三是在黑海海域附近部署海基反导系统。可以预见,届时乌克兰将成为北约对抗、遏制俄罗斯的重要“桥头堡”。

最后,大量军工机密泄露。秉承苏联的遗产,俄罗斯与乌克兰的军工体系一脉相承并有着千丝万缕的联系。一旦乌克兰向西方靠拢,俄罗斯大量的军工机密,如航空、航天、造船及先进动力技术等都会旁落他国,这对俄罗斯国家安全将是致命的打击。

由此不难看出,乌克兰对于俄罗斯实在是太重要了,所以俄罗斯要不惜代价与西方世界争夺。对于俄罗斯,目前的最佳选择还是用更现实的利益“诱惑”并让乌克兰继续维持与其的“传统友好关系”。同时,俄罗斯也要做好最坏的打算。(宋忠平《中国航天报·飞天科普周刊》)

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