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美军资助研究3D打印混凝土建筑 可在战地快速完工

2014-01-23 10:45:54   环球网

资料图:利用增材制造技术“打印”建筑物。

【环球网综合报道】据防务技术网(defensetech.org)2014年1月21日报道]通过3D打印(增材制造)技术打印出手枪、假肢已经不是什么新鲜事了,现在可打印列表里面可能增加更大更重的东西——混凝土建筑。

由美国海军研究实验室(ONR)和国家自然科学基金(NSF)轮廓设计组资助的一家公司正在研究利用混凝土为原料“打印”出建筑。该公司创始人比洛克·霍什内维斯是南加州大学的一名教授,也是该校制造工程研究项目的主任。

按照霍什内维斯教授的说法,利用混凝土打印机可以在一天之内造出一座2500平方英尺(约合232平方米)的建筑。这对军队来说意义重大,意味着士兵们可以在基础设施缺乏的偏远地区迅速拥有永久性的建筑,只需要战斗工程部队利用C-17等运输机将建筑打印机和混凝土材料运送到位,建筑就可以很快建成。

从本质上讲,增材制造和其它计算机辅助制造(CAM)项目并没有什么不同。但一般的CAM是根据程序,利用车床等工具将原材料“减小”为零部件的过程,而增材制造则是一层一层地“增加”。通过逐层累积建造出内墙和外墙、门窗的空间、各种水电空调管网。

在2013年的一段视频中,霍什内维斯曾介绍称,他所研制的打印机所制造的混凝土墙壁的抗压强度已经达到了10000psi(约合68.95MPa)。根据波特兰水泥协会的数据,全美国范围内的普通混凝土的抗压强度也不过7000psi,而抗压强度超过14500psi的则被视为高强度混凝土了。

霍什内维斯称,混凝土基础设施已经是现在唯一不能实现自动化批量生产的东西了,同时,每年在建筑过程中还有1万人死亡、40万人受伤。鉴于美军士兵在伊拉克和阿富汗执行任务时缺乏足够的永久建筑,混凝土增材制造技术对国防部的意义不言自明。

展望更远的未来,人类可能在新世纪结束前殖民月球或火星,霍什内维斯称,利用3D打印机在外星球上打印出相关建筑设施也不失为一种可能的解决方案。

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