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普京:伊斯坎德尔导弹是为对付美在欧洲的核武

2014-01-17 11:16:08   中国青年报

2013年12月14日,德国《图片报》报道,根据卫星图像识别结果,在过去一年内,俄罗斯在加里宁格勒州以及沿爱沙尼亚、立陶宛和拉脱维亚的边界地区部署了近10套“伊斯坎德尔-M”战役战术导弹发射装置,但报道没有说明卫星图像摄于何时。

立陶宛国防部长奥列卡斯称,俄罗斯的行为“引入了地区不安定因素”。美国军方表示,俄罗斯此举使得北约和欧盟深感忧虑与不安。

而当月16日,俄国防部发言人说,“伊斯坎德尔”导弹部署区域没有违反任何国际条约或协议。俄国防部长绍伊古则针锋相对地回应,“有舆论指责俄罗斯,不应该在一些地区部署‘伊斯坎德尔’导弹。我要指出的是,在俄罗斯领土上,我们认为哪里有必要部署,就会在哪里部署。”

“伊斯坎德尔”为陆基机动型战役战术导弹,可搭载常规弹头或核弹头,有E和M两种型号,E型射程280公里,M型射程480公里,增程后射程可达2000公里,2006年开始装备部队,2010年建成第一个导弹旅。俄军总参谋长格拉西莫夫表示,到2020年,俄军所有导弹旅都将装备“伊斯坎德尔”导弹。

“伊斯坎德尔”导弹采用惯性、卫星导航和景象匹配复合制导,命中精度小于10米。它采用隐身设计,待机和行军转为发射状态分别需4分钟和16分钟,连发间隔1分钟,发射后可改变设定打击目标,具备机动变轨能力,使用固体燃料,飞行速度是战斧式巡航导弹的2~6倍,留给导弹防御系统的预警和反应时间短,难以拦截。

“伊斯坎德尔”导弹主要用于打击敌纵深军事设施、兵力集结区域、军事基地、交通枢纽等目标,并可直接支援战斗行动,最适合对重要的点目标实施中近程精确打击。

如果“伊斯坎德尔-M”在《图片报》报道的那些区域部署,其射程就可以覆盖波兰、立陶宛、拉脱维亚和爱沙尼亚全境,增程导弹还可以打到柏林。俄罗斯试图以此来应对美国部署的战术核武器和欧洲导弹防御系统,抵消北约的部分军事优势。

2013年12月19日,普京表示,“美国在欧洲部署战术核武器,还在欧洲周边地区部署导弹防御系统,这对俄罗斯战略核力量构成严重威胁,无论如何,我们都会采取措施。其中一种方案,就是在加里宁格勒州部署‘伊斯坎德尔’导弹。”

美国在欧洲位于比利时、德国、意大利、荷兰和土耳其的6个空军基地部署有180件B61航空核炸弹,由F-15E和F-16战斗机搭载,而F-15E和F-16也是这些国家空军的主力战机,这意味着,比利时等国的飞机也能搭载战术核武器。

俄罗斯国家杜马国防委员会第一副主席扎瓦尔金质疑,“美国在欧洲部署战术核武器,难道是针对伊朗吗?只能是针对俄罗斯。”如果俄罗斯在其领土周边地区部署“伊斯坎德尔”导弹,则上述空军基地大都在其射程内。

针对美国在欧洲部署的导弹防御系统,俄罗斯认为这对他们的战略核力量构成严重威胁。为此,俄罗斯军政高层多次声称,将使用“伊斯坎德尔”导弹瞄准欧洲导弹防御系统目标,甚至整个欧洲都可能被俄罗斯战略导弹瞄准。

2008年,美国在波兰部署10枚GBI拦截弹,可拦截5000公里外发射的洲际弹道导弹,拦截区域实际上覆盖了俄罗斯全境。此外,美国还计划在捷克部署X波段雷达,在罗马尼亚部署“标准-3 IB”拦截弹。作为回应,同年,俄罗斯公布了“伊斯坎德尔”导弹的部署计划。

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