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据中国之声《央广新闻》报道,今天下午14点,中国航天科技集团公司第四研究院研制的直径3米大型固体火箭助推发动机取得地面热试车成功。这是国内迄今为止直径最大、工作时间最长、动力最强的固体火箭发动机。它的试车成功,标志着我国掌握了大型固体火箭助推发动机的关键技术。
一直以来,固体火箭发动机以结构简单、研制周期短和推力大等独有的优势,在大国重器的制造中扮演着重要角色,是一个国家综合国力的体现。我们国家的运载火箭目前还主要以液体动力为主,以固体燃料作为动力的发动机规模还相对较小,但进步很快。从国际上来看,目前美国、欧洲、印度、日本都在大力发展大推力固体发动机作为飞行器的助推器。特别是美、欧、印都研制成功了直径3米以上的大推力分段式固体发动机,而且都已经试飞成功。
在固体发动机研制领域,直径能否达到3米是一个分水岭。此前,我国最大的固体火箭发动机直径只有2米,因此体积相对比较小,推力也就相对较小。从2014年开始,中国航天科技集团公司第四研究院组织研究团队,着手开发直径3米、推力达150吨的固体火箭发动机。刚才,我们在监控室里亲眼目睹了这台大推力发动机的试车成功,也见证了我国固体火箭发动机在设计制造技术上实现了一个里程碑式的跨越。我国也因此成为了世界上大型固体发动机俱乐部中的一员。
我国自主研制的首台3米直径航天固体发动机
我国自主研制的首台3米直径航天固体发动机
我国自主研制的首台3米直径航天固体发动机
此前,大型固体固体火箭发动机设计制造的关键技术一直被牢牢掌握在外国人手中,因此,在这台直径3米的固体火箭发动机研制过程中,航天科技四院的研究团队费了不少脑筋。
该型号发动机总设计师王健儒,1978年出生的他还不到40岁,却已在固体火箭发动机领域打磨了十多个年头,是我国固体运载动力技术的领军人物之一。2014年起,他带领不到20人的研究团队,开始向制造出“直径3米固体发动机”的目标努力。由于经验上的空白,遇到的困难可想而知。
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