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最高法院:外国船只非法进入中国领海或被追刑责

2016-08-03 09:24:31   北青网-北京青年报

8月2日,最高人民法院公布《关于审理发生在我国管辖海域相关案件若干问题的规定》,北京青年报记者了解到,上述涉海司法解释是最高法针对涉海案件制定的第一部综合性司法解释,共分两个部分。

值得注意的是,这部司法解释内容涵盖了刑事、民事及行政诉讼三个领域,这在最高法近年来出台的司法解释中极为罕见。

北青报记者注意到,这次司法解释对“偷越国(边)境罪”作出了相关规定。最高检、最高法曾于2012年发布《关于办理妨害国(边)境管理刑事案件应用法律若干问题的解释》,对该罪名明确了五种具体情形,但主要针对“偷越陆地国(边)境行为”,难以适用于从海上出入我国领海的行为。

此次《规定》则明确,违反我国国(边)境管理法规,非法进入我国领海,具有下列情形之一的,即认定为刑法第三百二十二条规定的“情节严重”。

刑法上述条文对“偷越国(边)境罪”作了相关规定,“违反国(边)境管理法规,偷越国(边)境,情节严重的,处一年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处罚金”。这些情形包括:经驱赶拒不离开;被驱离后又非法进入我国领海;因非法进入我国领海被行政处罚或者被刑事处罚后,一年内又非法进入我国领海;非法进入我国领海从事捕捞水产品等活动,尚不构成非法捕捞水产品等犯罪;其他情节严重的情形。

最高法有关负责人解释称,海上航行自由是一项国际法原则,即便在一国领海,外国船只也可享有无害通过权。但航行自由与无害通过均应服从而不应违反沿海国的领海主权、毗连区管制权、专属经济区及大陆架主权权利及管辖权。

他说,此次司法解释对非法进入我国管辖海域的外国船只与人员,支持行政机关依据出境入境管理法、治安管理处罚法采取相应的强制措施与行政处罚;对经驱赶拒不离开、被驱离后又非法进入我国领海,在我国管辖海域实施非法捕捞等行为,构成犯罪的,可以依据我国刑法有关偷越国(边)境罪、非法捕捞水产品罪的规定,追究其刑事责任。《规定》明确,因在我国管辖海域内发生海损事故,请求损害赔偿提起的诉讼,由管辖该海域的海事法院、事故船舶最先到达地的海事法院、船舶被扣押地或者被告住所地海事法院管辖。因在公海等我国管辖海域外发生海损事故,请求损害赔偿在我国法院提起的诉讼,由事故船舶最先到达地、船舶被扣押地或者被告住所地海事法院管辖。事故船舶为中华人民共和国船舶的,还可以由船籍港所在地海事法院管辖。

上述司法解释还对无证捕捞情节严重的认定标准、对涉渔“三无”船舶可否采取强制措施等问题作出规定,为我国海上渔业执法提供司法保障。据悉,上述规定于8月2日起施行。

责任编辑:张海潮
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