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专家谈南海仲裁:不参与才为国际法治进步作贡献

2016-06-15 10:44:17   中国新闻网

中新社厦门6月14日电 (记者 陈悦)“中国不接受不参与菲律宾制造的所谓南海仲裁案,不但没有违背法治的精神,恰恰是为国际社会法治的进步作出贡献。”厦门大学南海研究院院长傅崐成教授14日接受中新社记者采访时如是说。

祖籍北京、出生于台湾屏东的傅崐成,是国际海洋法知名专家,研究南海问题已30余年。

傅崐成指出,“南海仲裁案仲裁庭”对菲律宾所提出来的争执没有管辖权。他解释,仲裁庭认为自己在管辖权上没有问题,还搬出《联合国海洋法公约》第288条,声称对案件争端是否有管辖权,是由自己来决定的。但就在《联合国海洋法公约》第298条,恰恰规定了只要涉及海洋疆界的划界、军事冲突、历史性权利、领域主权四类因素的纠纷,不管是公约的解释还是运用,都允许当事国排除强制管辖,“这正是对上述第288条的一种排除规定”。中国和其他许多国家都已经按照298条规定,以书面形式明确排除了这类管辖。

傅崐成强调,中国政府早在2006年,也就是菲律宾提出仲裁前7年,就按规定以书面方式正式向联合国登记声明,不接受这四类敏感、高度政治性争端的强制裁判。“世界上像中国这样书面声明排除强制管辖的国家不少”,其中既有中国的邻国韩国、泰国、俄罗斯等,也有加拿大、意大利等西方国家。

虽然菲律宾尽量包装自己诉讼的讼因,但其提出的依然“基本是海洋划界的问题”,这违反了《联合国海洋法公约》第298条。“这样,问题不就很清楚了吗?”傅崐成指出,仲裁庭的成员都是法律人,“怎么会不了解呢?”

他说,《联合国海洋法公约》中设置这样的排他条款,是因为人类经验告诉我们,涉及到这四类争端,强制管辖是不管用的,就算裁判,也会继续争执,就算仲裁,有时结果更严重,最终要靠当事国协商解决。

目前,国际上仍有一些国家声称中国应接受仲裁庭裁决。也有一些西方的法律学者向傅崐成提出,即使中国觉得自己“如此正确”,也不应该站在法院的对立面,这不符合法治精神。

“这是一种似是而非的观点。”傅崐成对此态度鲜明。

他说,事实证明,仲裁庭的组成和管辖权都是有错误的,而且其和一般法庭不同,即使判错了,也没有上诉的机会。“如果这样,我们还要去接受它的错误,这是真正的法治精神吗?”

傅崐成强调,这其实是少数国家试图用错误的说法去捆绑中国,绑架世界。

这位国际海洋法专家认为,世界上100多个国家,花了9年时间,才谈判而成《联合国海洋法公约》。如果放任仲裁庭作出扭曲、错误的解释,就是“支持五个人的小错误,破坏了全球人类共同建立的海洋法公约的大法律”。

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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