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中美飞机这样下去早晚撞上 中国人希望美机被击落

2016-05-20 11:58:03   

资料图:美国EP-3侦察机

美国五角大楼18日称,一架美军EP-3侦察机17日在南海的“国际空域”飞行时,遭到两架中国歼-11战机以“不安全的方式”拦截,双方飞机相距仅约15米。具体事发地点是香港以南的南海北部上空。

美军侦察机做抵近侦察,中国派出战机拦截,这是中美之间持续的游戏。拦截都是对立的,不可能绝对安全,双方一线军人操作失误的可能性都会存在。2001年中国战机与美国侦察机在南海上空相撞,一名中国飞行员遇难,美国侦察机受损后不经许可降落在海南岛的军用机场上,酿成双方重大危机。

如果美军机继续抵近中国海岸实施侦察,随着解放军拦截能力的提升,这种能力必将被使用,中美出现新的撞机事件的几率说不定会上升。而一旦2001年的危机重演,其轰动性和危险性大概都要再上一个台阶。2001年中美的战略紧张感远低于15年后的今天,那一次撞机更容易被看成是“孤立事件”。

一旦今天再有中美飞机相撞,它或许会成为中美不断积累战略互疑的引爆点。世界也会把它的性质看得很严重,中美双方控制事态的难度必将大大增加。

首先,从中国公众的角度看,如果再撞机,不应还是中国飞机被撞下来。美国飞机得以降落,并且最后被送回美国,那样的脚本已经很难接受。大多数中国人希望,如果出现这种情况,美国的飞机应当被“撞下来”,或者被“击落”。中国公众的这种愿望很可能会对军人的当时反应和当局的善后方案形成压力。

一旦新的撞机事件发生,中美双方后续作何姿态会被两国国内舆论和世界舆论看成它们维护国家利益意志的象征。双方妥协的难度都将很高,中美开展展示强硬和决心的竞赛将最受两国各自社会的欢迎。

那将是两个核大国第一次在世界舆论的众目睽睽之下怒目相视,手里都握着剑柄。守成大国与崛起大国的相互仇恨将熊熊燃烧。

中美两国希望发生这一切吗?回答大概都是否定的。双方显然都没有战略对撞的思想准备,做这种动员对两国来说都挺吃力。

那么双方就应避免不可控局面的出现。中国会说美国侦察机就不该来,美方则会说中方的拦截做做样子就行了,莫非你还要真拦?问题看上去很像是僵局。

然而如果要讲理,应当后退一步的是美国。这些摩擦的空域靠近中国的海岸线,虽然美方主张那里是“公海”,但美军机的行为对中国构成了威胁。这是美方“找上门来搞事”,中国每退一步,就多一分国土安全的风险,这是中美争论越扯越远之后需要最终回归的常识。

美国是想少损失一分国际霸权,中国是想少损失一分国家安全,这显然不是同一维度和水平上的价值捍卫。

如果美方拒绝讲这个理,南海上的问题就演变成赤裸裸的实力较量。中国百般无奈,恐怕只有奋起奉陪。那么南海上空发生的事情就是美国霸权和中国主权一争正当性的赌博游戏了。从理论上说,一旦导火索被点着,局势控制不住,中美都需增加赌注。“被打到家门口”的中国可能会不惜赌上它所拥有的“一切”,美国届时也需多下些赌注,它的太平洋舰队那点赌本太小了,未必够用。

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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