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专家:美军亚太双航母已成常态 中国可攻其软肋

2016-05-03 10:27:51   

航母战斗群威胁巨大

据一名不愿透露姓名的军事专家介绍,航母战斗群的战斗力核心为航母舰载机,每艘美国航母编制一个舰载机联队,下辖4个攻击战斗机中队,编有F/A-18E/F“超级大黄蜂”战斗机48架,1个舰载预警机中队,5架E-2“鹰眼”预警机;1个电子战攻击中队,5架EA-18G“咆哮者”或者EA-6B“徘徊者”电子战攻击机;此外还包括1个反潜直升机中队的11架SH-60F“海鹰”反潜直升机和MH-60H“黑鹰”救援直升机。航母战斗群所辖的驱逐舰、潜艇则拥有数百个防空、对地攻击巡航导弹发射管。其预警机探测范围约500公里,巡航导弹打击范围1500公里,战斗机攻击范围约1000公里。

该专家认为,航母战斗群是一支战斗要素非常完善、均衡的力量,必要时双航母战斗群可搭载140架左右战斗机,而且其战斗机、攻击机均为三代和三代半以上战机,一天内便可出动200到300波次实施对地攻击和防空作战任务。在战术运用上双航母更为灵活。通常,两艘航母可组成两个航母打击群,用于在不同海域举行联合作战演习或者实施威慑等行动,也可相互策应。同时遇到紧急情况或者较为强大的对手时,可以快速汇合进行等级更高的威慑。据李杰介绍,当两个航母战斗群编为一个大型编队时,将由高性能的指挥舰,如“蓝岭”号进行统一指挥,也可以由编队中的一艘航母进行指挥,统一调配战机出动架次、频率、打击武器的选择、共享情报等。李杰表示,航母编队具有较高机动性,既可以应对防区内的紧急情况,也可以配合陆基飞机进行协同打击。美国还可能将航母与两栖攻击舰混编,用于岛礁攻防作战,由航母搭载舰载机夺取制空权,两栖攻击舰搭载直升机、“鱼鹰”等进行立体登陆。

双航母并非无解

尽管美国双航母战斗群的战斗力很强大,但是破解双航母攻击群并非不可能完成的任务。专家指出,这首先需要广泛的联合,特别是火箭军、海军和空军之间的联合,这恰恰能够体现出战区制的优势。中国海空军和火箭军有各自的优势,例如海军具备较强的制海作战能力,空军具有较强的争夺制空权以及防空作战能力,而火箭军的反舰弹道导弹则是对付航母的杀手锏。战时,可首先通过火箭军的反舰弹道导弹实施攻击,空军可提供电子压制、防空压制,并通过辖区内的歼击机、地面防空部队较为有效地防御对方来袭兵器,海军则通过立体手段实施反舰、反潜作战。除了不同军种之间的联合作战以外,还需要不同战区之间的广泛支援。目前,各战区海空军装备并不均衡,例如有的战区内没有预警机、有的没有电子干扰机,而这在现代作战中几乎是不可缺少的,这就需要其他战区的支援。

李杰认为,航母编队中的后勤补给舰艇航速较慢、防御手段较少,如果对它进行打击,可大幅降低航母编队的作战效能。电磁脉冲弹也是一种选项,美俄等大国都曾进行过研制,美军还在伊拉克战争时实战应用过。特别是美军的宙斯盾系统开机之后,这可能是一种很有效的应对手段。不过,他也强调,这些只是纯粹理论上的比较,一旦两个军事大国发生大规模冲突,显然不是几个战区与几个航母战斗群之间的事,其结果很可能是双方都无法承受的。

【环球时报特约记者 章节 环球时报记者 刘扬】

责任编辑:张海潮
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