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塞内加尔阅兵展示中国突击炮 曾在缅甸非洲参战

2016-04-08 11:09:00   综合

塞内加尔阅兵式上出现的WMA301轮式突击炮

该型突击炮采用105毫米线膛炮,同时装有先进的上反式火控系统,堪称国际上性价比最高的轮式突击炮

《简氏防务周刊》报道称,WMA301突击炮采用WZ551型6*6轮式装甲车底盘,安装了带有105毫米火炮的炮塔。其火力接近于坦克,但远比坦克便宜,且易于维护,不过这种战车的装甲很弱。

达喀尔的阅兵式上展示了12辆突击炮,同时还有一辆WZ551底盘的装甲指挥车。

此外,塞内加尔军队还在这次阅兵式上首次展示了刚刚购得的以色列RAM MK3装甲车。阅兵式上塞内加尔特种部队展示了以色列加利尔狙击步枪、内格夫轻机枪和塔沃尔突击步枪。而其常规军扔装备美国M16A1/A2步枪和M60通用机枪。

塞内加尔军队还展示了法国TRF1型155毫米牵引式榴弹炮。该国在2011年获得此型火炮。

塞内加尔也装备有一些老式的巴西EE-11轮式突击炮,在这次阅兵式上也开出来亮相

由于经费拮据,又面临博科圣地武装威胁,塞内加尔选用以色列RAM MK3装甲车作为新的主力装甲输送车

当然,非洲国家战场上永远少不了丰田皮卡和ZU-23-2机关炮

观察者网军事评论员表示,WMA301型突击炮与中国自用的PTL-02自行反坦克炮最大的区别在于火炮系统,WMA301突击炮所采用的105毫米线膛炮实际上是在PTL-02所采用的100毫米滑膛炮基础上再加工而来,其能够承受的膛压远低于100毫米滑膛炮,因此只能发射破甲弹、高爆弹和初速较低的穿甲弹,不能使用高速尾翼稳定长杆穿甲弹。

冷战时期中国为了应对北方数量庞大的T-72坦克集群压力,制造了数量惊人的86式100毫米滑膛反坦克炮,这种火炮是中国当时综合性能最好的反坦克炮。理论上来说,86式滑膛炮发射贫铀穿甲弹时能在早期T-72坦克的有效射程外击穿它的装甲(实际上没有先进火控系统的话很难在这样的距离上命中目标)。PTL-02式自行反坦克炮就是将这种威力巨大的火炮搬上WZ551轮式装甲车底盘,并安装先进火控系统的产物。但在现代条件下,大部分第三世界国家购买轮式突击炮主要目的不是作为反坦克武器使用,而是用它们攻击碉堡、人员、轻型车辆等目标,不需要那么强大的穿甲威力。目前国际上也有不少类似的突击炮,如日本13式“机动战车”,也是用低膛压105毫米炮,不能发射高速穿甲弹。

去年缅甸军队在去年作战中使用WMA301突击炮实施快速穿插,算是其战术上仅有的亮点之一

在这种情况下,为了节约制造成本,同时让新型突击炮能够兼容国际流行的105毫米炮弹,WMA301就采用了库存炮管重新加工的方法,只要付出很小的成本就能获得性能合格的105毫米低压线膛炮。

重新加工的105毫米线膛炮性能虽然不能和86式100毫米滑膛炮相提并论,但发射的破甲弹也足以摧毁类似T-62之类的二代主战坦克。并且WMA301装有与02式相似的较先进的火控系统,即使与T-55,T-62等老式坦克交火也不会吃亏。而在执行支援作战任务时,精准的105毫米炮效果远优于老式坦克。此外,如果用户有反坦克作战的需要,也可以通过购买105毫米炮射反坦克导弹来提高WMA301的作战能力。

与目前国际上流行的先进8*8驱动轮式105毫米突击炮相比,WMA301的价格可能只有后者的几分之一,但很多场合下效能与之相当。与开发于上世纪70-80年代的老式轮式突击炮,如巴西EE-11,法国ERC-90等相比,WMA301的火控系统和火炮比它们优秀得多,价格却可能相近。因此WMA301堪称当今国际市场上性价比最好的轮式突击炮,以致于影响了我国外贸八轮突击炮的外销。不过,中国库存86式100滑火炮数量毕竟有限,随着库存炮管用完,WMA301的生产到时候可能也要结束。到那时,这种轮式战车或许就会像中国后期歼-7外贸型一样,成为国际军火市场上一个“不灭的传说”……(观察者网)

(来源:综合)

责任编辑:汤鹏霏 CM015
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