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军委参谋部“海外行动处”曝光 强化境外快速反应

2016-03-25 11:26:43   郭媛丹

在利比里亚格林维尔,中国维和警察防暴队队员进行防暴队形演练(2015年11月4日摄)。新华社记者孙瑞博摄

【环球军事报道】为期两天的“联合撤侨-2016”中英首次联合撤侨室内推演正在南京举行,中央军委联合参谋部作战局海外行动处处长谭志伟在推演中发言提问。据《环球时报》记者了解,这是中国军队“海外行动处”这一机构首次对外公开。

2016年1月,中央军委机关调整组建,军委机关由原来的总参谋部等4个总部改为7个部(厅)、3个委员会、5个直属机构共15个职能部门。“海外行动处”的设立有可能是在此次调整中新成立的机构。

这一机构的出现是大势所趋。近年来,随着海外利益增多,中国军队护航、国际救援、联合军演以及执行撤侨等海外任务日益增加,中国军队海外军事行动已成常态。查询公开报道可以发现,此前执行海外行动任务的都是作战部门负责指挥。比如在2015年也门撤侨任务结束后,在外交部组织的新闻发布会中,出席的海军人士是当时的海军司令部作战部副部长梁阳。相比之下,美军的海外行动是由海外战区司令部负责组织,比如在2004年印度洋海啸爆发时参与救援的美军是由太平洋司令部协调组织。

据了解,解放军海外行动处负责指导、协调中国军队在海外开展的行动。该处的成立能加强中国军队海外行动的快速反应能力,在筹划、协调等职能方面更有针对性,职能更专业,更有利于快速行动。海外护航、救援救护、撤侨等不同的军事行动有各自的要求,不能够一概而论。因此“海外行动处”不仅需要具备“作战指挥能力”,还需要“政策能力”。政策能力是指对国家安全局势和双边关系的把握。比如在也门撤侨行动时,需要对当地安全形势进行评估,也要了解进入亚丁港口的外交准入等。

据媒体报道,在今年两会期间,全国人大代表、前驻埃及大使馆武官戴绍安建议,由军队相关职能部门出台针对反恐作战、海外护航、救援救护及营救人质等不同海外军事行动模式的行动规范。海外行动处也应该部分承担此类职能。“目前,我军参加联合国维和行动以外的海外军事行动时,部队的远程输送、武器装备的运输过境等事宜,一般只能通过外交渠道一事一商。”戴绍安建议,通过加入或签署公约、条约、备忘录、协定等双边、多边法律文件,为推进我军海外军事行动的常态化发展提供法律保障。

军事专家张军社接受《环球时报》采访时,就2015年中国海军赴也门执行撤侨任务时遵守的原则分析说,首先,中国奉行不干涉内政政策,不介入当地武装冲突;其次,中国军舰和飞机抵达该国执行任务首先取得该国政府同意,同时也和反对派武装进行沟通,防止发生误判误伤;第三,执行任务中,我们的军队不用或慎用武器,使用武器主要是用于自卫,保证自身安全。

除了行动规范的指导,海外行动处的职责显然包含和外军开展一些联合行动。最有代表性的就是此次“联合撤侨-2016”中英联合撤侨室内推演。它为中国军队赴海外执行任务积累经验,以及和外军更多进行合作。张军社表示,这是中国和外国军队首次进行的撤侨演练。在相继执行过利比亚撤侨以及也门撤侨任务后,中国海军积累了丰富的经验,尤其是在也门撤侨中不但撤出了中国公民,也撤出了十几个国家的外国公民,掌握了第一手的实践经验。英国海军参加海外撤侨的经验比较丰富,因此,中英两国军队就海外撤侨问题进行研讨,开展室内推演,对于未来开展类似行动非常有利。“未来一旦发生个别国家政局动荡,特别是发生内战,侨民生命和财产安全受到严重威胁,中英两国军队撤侨兵力可以开展联合救援,就有可能在短时间内就指挥关系、协同配合达成一致,对联合撤侨有积极意义。”【环球时报记者 郭媛丹】

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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