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解读长剑20空基巡航导弹:进气道和弹翼都去哪了

2016-03-18 08:29:48   科罗廖夫

日前中国空军网站公布了一组图片,显示空军轰炸航空兵某师的地勤人员正在为国产轰-6轰炸机加挂新型巡航导弹,这种导弹就是传说已久的中国战斧——长剑-20空射巡航导弹。中国军方首次公布长剑-20空射巡航导弹的近照,暴露了很多细节,信息量极大,引起了国外军事情报机关和媒体的高度关注,也让国内军迷兴奋异常,同时也有很多误读。这次我们就用这组照片解读一下长剑空射巡航导弹的细节。

【科罗廖夫谈军事栏目第234期】突然公布杀手锏巡航导弹武器的原因,很显然跟朝鲜半岛局势和美国在南海一再挑衅有直接联系。中国军队经常很低调的、在不经意间展示獠牙,例如在美国国防部长访华那天进行第四代歼20战机的首飞,在美国来南海挑衅的时候组织轰-6K战略轰炸机打击群跨越宫古海峡剑指关岛,通过美女航天员太空授课的不间断直播显示中国的军事航天中继通信能力,只要你懂得。

长剑巡航导弹是中国在新世纪自行研发的远程巡航导弹,最早在2009年国庆阅兵时首次亮相。长剑-10的研制开始于上世纪90年代,2000年10月首次试验飞行,2006年陆基型号开始装备部队。目前长剑-10已经发展到第二代改进型的东风-10A巡航导弹,衍生出陆基、舰载、空射和潜射等多个版本,不同的制导方式,灵活的发射平台,令敌军防不胜防,是世界上少有的性能最先进的巡航导弹。

据西方媒体推测,长剑-10导弹的体积和重量都超过美国战斧式导弹,弹长约8.3米,弹重2.5吨,直径680毫米,巡航高度30~50米,采用小涡扇发动机,巡航速度0.65马赫,战斗部重500公斤,有效射程2500公里以上。制导方式为巡航段惯性+地形匹配+卫星辅助导航,末制导为光学景象匹配制导,打击2000公里外目标的末端精度CEP小于3米。

【细节一】关于导弹型号。一直以来人们把火箭军的陆基巡航导弹称为“长剑-10”。但是现在这个名字似乎已经有了很多变化。在去年9.3大阅兵上,地面的陆基巡航导弹方队发射箱上有“DF-10A”的字样,对应型号是东风-10A,而空中的轰-6K轰炸机挂载导弹型号则为K/AKD-20,对应型号为长剑-20。此外中国还以长剑-20巡航导弹为基础发展了一种空射的远程反舰导弹,使用雷达导引头,被命名为鹰击-100。

按照国家武器型号命名标准,中国军队空地导弹系统的正式型号通常为K/AKD-XX,其中“K”代表“空军”,"A"代表“导弹”,"KD"代表“空地”。例如国产两种典型空地导弹为K/AKD-63和K/AKD-88就分别指鹰击-63和鹰击-88电视制导空地导弹。图片显示导弹弹体上涂刷的K/AKD-20,应该是指长剑-20巡航导弹。

【细节二】这架挂载导弹的轰炸机并非空军最新型的轰-6K轰炸机。通常外国军事机关以为中国只有最新的50余架轰-6K轰炸机,才能挂载长剑远程巡航导弹。轰-6K是目前中国最先进的远程轰炸机,通过改装航电系统,换装俄制D30涡扇发动机,机头的玻璃领航舱改为黑色雷达舱,可以携带6枚长剑空射巡航导弹打击5000公里范围内的目标。图片显示这架轰炸机的机头仍然为玻璃领航舱,下部安装白色的大型雷达罩,显然是比较老的轰-6M型轰炸机,这说明中国空军除了轰-6K以外,其他型号的轰6轰炸机,也能挂载远程巡航导弹。

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