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俄专家:中国获苏联核航母技术 用于造第二艘航母

2016-03-10 10:42:53   综合

俄罗斯卫星网报道,中国全国政协委员、海军少将尹卓在两会期间透露了许多有关正在大连建造的中国第二艘航母的重要细节。以前曾以为,这艘航母将大体仿制“辽宁”号航母,后者是原苏联“瓦良格”号载机巡洋舰的改版。俄罗斯军事专家卡申在为卫星网撰写的文章中对有关在建航母的现有资料进行了分析和评述。

报道称,从尹卓的表述中可以获知:首先,这艘新航母将更大;其次,它将能携带反舰机和预警机。最后一点原则上非常重要。众所周知,第二艘航母,同第一艘航母一样,将安装起飞跳板;以使像J-15这样的重型战斗机,无需弹射器即可起飞。

然而,无论是反舰机还是预警机都不能这样起飞。因为它们太重,发动机功率太低。它们要想在航母上起飞,只能利用弹射器。或许,中国新型航母将同时安装起飞跳板和弹射器。

本来应该建造第二批苏联航母,其中的第一艘应当是“乌里扬诺夫斯克”号载机巡洋舰。它应比“库兹涅佐夫”号或者“辽宁”号这样的航母还要大,其排水量应该接近8万吨,而不是前者的6.2万吨。除了起飞跳板外,“乌里扬诺夫斯克”还应安装两个蒸汽弹射器。这可让它携带雅克-44RLD预警机和其它辅助性飞机。

1988年底在今天的乌克兰尼古拉耶夫造船厂已经开始建造“乌里扬诺夫斯克”。苏联解体前它正处于初期建设阶段,1995年它被拆卸。乌克兰应该还保存有该项目的技术文件。完全有可能中国已经获得这些资料。

“乌里扬诺夫斯克”与苏联较老式航母的主要区别是,它利用核动力装置,由四座反应堆组成,功率为280000马力。已知中国自己在为航母研制反应堆,但它们未必已开始生产。

可以推测,利用自己已有的经验和搜集到的苏联“乌里扬诺夫斯克”的技术资料,中国人正在努力建造要比“辽宁”号还要大的本国航母,上面同时安装起飞跳板和弹射器,并将搭载更强大的机群。

它的服役将是中国航母舰队发展的重要里程碑。与此同时,中国的战略目标仍将是类似美国的舰载大型核动力航母战斗群,无需起飞跳板和电磁弹射器。不过,介于二者之间的航母能让中国克服复杂的技术问题,积累利用弹射器的经验。

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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