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专家披露南海军事斗争重点:美方不听话要付代价

2016-03-10 10:52:23   朱 锋

击破美国“炮舰外交”不能单靠军事

朱 锋

近日,美国“斯坦尼斯”号航母战斗群进入南海海域,向中国炫耀武力,对中国在南海的维权活动公开进行军事威慑。多家西方媒体 报道这一事件时坦承美国是故意对中国进行军事施压,美国《海军时报》甚至说美国是在南海“部署”了一支小规模的“无敌舰队”。美国太平洋舰队发言人在记者会上却表示,美军航母战斗群是“例行性地在南海巡航”,口气轻巧得好像这一舰队的南海挑衅活动如同是在自家花园里散步。不管美国军方如何掩饰此次美国航母编队的真实动机,美国在南海争议问题上正在赤裸裸地推行“炮舰外交”。

美升级南海军事行动传递什么信号?

从奥巴马政府第二任期开始,华盛顿的南海政策就从“选择性干预”全面转向了“战略性干预”。这一干预政策的核心就是要阻止中国从2012年4月黄岩岛对峙以来的“切香肠战术”,遏制中国南海政策在美国人口中“咄咄逼人”的势头,逼迫中国放弃在既属于中国、又由中国实控的南沙岛礁上的建设,让中国停止作为一个主权国家在自己的海洋领土上完全有权进行的有限、但又必要的防御设施建设,按照美国的意志维持南海岛礁被非法占领和瓜分的“现状”。

奥巴马政府之所以在南海问题上高调介入,原因有三个方面:一是美国担心中国的岛礁建设及防御设施的发展,将实质性地扩大中国在南海的军事存在,有可能挑战美国自1945年二战结束以来一直独享的在亚太地区海空领域完全不受挑战的优势地位;二是打击和削弱中国在东南亚国家的政治和战略影响力,利用东盟国家对中国崛起的安全忧虑,全力支持东盟国家中的南海主权声索国的立场和主张,将原本较为单一的南海主权争议篡改成美国“协助”东盟国家阻击中国在南海实行“扩张主义”。三是利用南海主权争议、谋求美国“亚太再平衡”的战略抓手,试图将南海问题变成所谓“中国威胁论”的新证据,积极增强美国为主导的军事同盟体系、扩大美国在地区安全议题上的安全伙伴关系,提升美国在亚太地区外交、经济、社会、军事和战略等诸多领域内的“领导者”地位。

“斯坦尼斯”号航母战斗群进入南海,所传递的信号是多方面的。它既要通过向中国进行军事施压来警告中国,即不听美国的话将要“付出代价”;又要通过对华强硬行动告诉美国的盟友和安全伙伴,奥巴马政府不会对中国在南海的“军事化”行动“坐视不管”;同时,航母战斗群进入南海也是要告诉美国国内民众,美国有决心对“咄咄逼人”的中国做出必要的反应。

搞“炮舰外交”能否达到目的?

此次“斯坦尼斯”号航母战斗群进入南海是美国霸权心态下的常用手段。问题是,美国想要通过军事力量耀武扬威让中国屈服的做法,其效果只会适得其反。

2015年10月27日美国“拉森”号导弹驱逐舰进入诸碧礁邻近海域和2016年1月30日美国“威尔伯”号军舰进入西沙群岛中建岛领海,已经引发了南海军事紧张的升级。再加上美国B-52战略轰炸机的两次越岛飞行,在南海问题上美国对华实施“力量敲打”的行动已经一而再、再而三地发生。现在又向南海争议水域派出航母战斗群连续数日进行“示威性”游弋,只能说明中国为了本国的自保权和自卫权进行的有限度的防御设施建设不仅必要、而且及时。

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