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轰6K可载20枚500公斤级制导炸弹 火力覆盖5千公里

2016-03-04 09:12:51   中国青年报

轰-6K是目前我军现役最先进的战略轰炸机

2015年9月3日,9架轰-6K“战神”远程轰炸机组成气势恢宏的空中梯队,列阵飞过天安门广场上空。这是中国新型轰-6K轰炸机部队首次公开亮相。此后,轰-6K又多次在西太平洋训练等活动中执行重要任务,在相关海域飞越国际水道,引起全世界的极大关注。

五大改进使轰-6K实现“脱胎换骨”

轰-6K轰炸机是在轰-6基础上改进成的新型轰炸机。我国20世纪60年代生产的轰-6轰炸机,推力小、耗油量大、机身弹舱容量小,在未来作战中存在“腿短、弹少、看不远、打不准”等问题。近些年来,国产空射型长剑-10巡航导弹不断完善,轰-6却不能运载和发射这种导弹。

为了克服这些缺陷,有必要对轰-6进行加挂巡航导弹的改装。因为这种改装费用远小于研制新型轰炸机或者引进国外轰炸机的费用,可以起到事半功倍之效。如果重新研制新型轰炸机,全部更新飞机平台,费用十分高昂。正因如此,就连经济实力雄厚的美国,也不得不让其老式的B-52轰炸机服役到2030年以后,到那时该机将达80岁“高龄”!

轰-6K的研制成功,集中体现了我国航空电子、材料技术的最新成果。不仅是近10年来我国航空制造业综合集成能力的一次大展示,而且为其他老旧航空产品升级改造提供了全新的思路。通过一系列先进技术的应用,与轰-6原来的改进型相比,最新的轰-6k已经实现“脱胎换骨”的转变。

一是提高了轰炸机的节油性能和航程。轰-6K换装了低油耗、重量轻的D-30KP-2涡扇发动机,该型发动机已经成功应用在伊尔-76和运-20大型运输机上。为适应新的发动机,对进气道、尾喷等做了针对性重新设计和修形,发动机进气口明显增大,使推力增加了30%,耗油量减少20%。

二是提高了空地打击能力。与轰-6相比,轰-6K的主体承力结构没有大改,但机翼下增加了外挂点,可挂载6枚长剑-10巡航导弹或KD88空地导弹,最大载弹量可达15吨,有效提高了单机和单次火力攻击密度。为了能够携带重达数吨、体积庞大的钻地弹,轰-6K将内部弹仓改为由大型可拆卸油箱组成的燃油舱,使之能够在钻地弹与油箱间进行选择,既具备钻地打击能力,又能满足执行其他任务的需要。

三是采用了最新电子设备。对飞机的前机身进行了重新设计,使之变窄,变短。机头换上全封闭的流线形整流罩,加装了新型火控雷达和搜索雷达。取消了机头透明领航员舱和颌下雷达,改装为雷达设备舱,安装了新型前视红外探测装置和光学瞄准设备,加装了GPS+北斗卫星导航系统和标准数据链系统。为保证突防安全,轰-6上的机炮炮塔全部取消,尾部的无线电操作员舱也被取消,改为电子舱,换装成新型主动被动大功率电子干扰设备。

四是提高了驾驶的适用性。轰-6K载员4人,共两排,每排两人,统一安排在机头。分别为驾驶、副驾驶、电子战/通信官和领航/轰炸官,全部前向乘坐,并安装了独立弹射座椅。进入座舱由前起落架改为由前机身左方开门进出。

飞机还换装了包括电子飞行、惯导、外挂管理在内的综合航电系统和玻璃化座舱,安装了6个彩色数字式多功能显示器,使操作大为简化。同时,还用电传操纵系统取代了原有的“硬式”助力操纵系统,不仅大幅减轻了飞行员的负担、提高了飞行品质,而且可节省很大的结构重量。

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