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中日欧企业纷纷竞标美国高铁

2015-11-30 10:04:39   环球网

《日本经济新闻》11月30日文章,原题:美国高铁会花落谁家 虽然在发达国家中起步较晚,但美国的高速铁路项目也在不断具体化。目前内华达、加利福尼亚和德克萨斯“三州鼎立”,均力争2020年代开通。

在美国最大的娱乐城市内华达州拉斯维加斯,大型赌场运营商永利度假村(Wynn Resorts Ltd)的主席史蒂夫·永利感叹:“这难以置信。”当地拉斯维加斯的经济还算不错,误判出现在该公司最大的海外基地澳门的情况恶化。

由于中国推动反腐败运动、经济减速与股价下跌相互叠加,前往澳门的中国大陆游客出现了锐减。永利公司1-9月净利润比上一年同期下降8成。一直通过巨额投资支撑澳门经济的永利的股价已降至年初的一半。但在拉斯维加斯,对中国资金的期待在提高,期待获得中国企业巨额投资的高速铁路能从370公里之外的美国第2大城市洛杉矶运来大量旅游者。

10月28日,在远离赌场大街的一栋办公楼的房间内,“内华达州高速铁路委员会”召开了会议,以选择连接拉斯维加斯和洛杉矶的高速铁路项目的投资方。

在提出意向的4家公司中,受到关注的是当地的“Express West”。这是因为在习近平访美之前的9月,这家公司从中国中铁等获得了1亿美元的融资。

全线开通需要100亿美元资金。“内华达州高速铁路委员会”主席乔治史密斯(美国银行内华达地区负责人)指出:“对于拉斯维加斯的未来,高速铁路是不可或缺的”。Express West提出明年秋季开工建设,但容易变化的旅游需求主体的运输计划也有风险。

西海岸的加利福尼亚州今年抢先一步启动了高速铁路计划。在该州中部弗雷斯诺(Fresno)市,桥梁工程将启动。“这是符合我州经济规模的计划”,该州高速铁路公司首席执行官(CEO)Jeff Morales充满自信。那是从旧金山通往洛杉矶的横贯整个州的840公里铁路。

虽然该项目获得了杰瑞·布朗(Jerry Brown)州长的全面支持,但课题是680亿美元的巨额费用。该州地处美国少有的地震频发地带。有观点担忧不少区间横贯断层的高难度工程费用将出现膨胀。

车辆和系统的投标将于明年启动。在东日本大地震之际显示出稳定性的东日本旅客铁道(JR东日本)等中日欧的企业将纷纷参与竞标。

值得注意的是拉斯维加斯线路将连接洛杉矶北郊。Jeff Morales表示加利福尼亚州“将与拉斯维加斯线路分离开来,公平地选定承建商”,否认对中国有利的猜测。

美国已经有确定采用日本日本高铁“新干线”的路线。那就是在南部的德克萨斯州,连接作为经济圈经济显著增长的达拉斯至休斯顿的高铁建设项目,该项目全程380千米,运行时间为90分钟以内。作为纯粹访日民营项目,东海旅客铁道(JR东海)将提供支持。

虽然建设成本较低,不过却存在棘手的竞争对手。达拉斯是全球廉价航空公司巨头西南航空(Southwest Airlines)的大本营。该公司不希望建设高速铁路,因为高铁开通后必将引发价格竞争。为力争17年开工,事业主体Texas Central Partners的CEO蒂姆·凯斯(音译)正致力于获得投资者的支持。

在汽车普及的美国,旅客铁路衰退,为了在广袤的国土实现快速移动,航空公司不断发展。受人口增长影响,交通拥堵状况严重,此外环保意识也不断增强,这对美国高铁建设构成东风。即便如此,加利福尼亚州布朗州长指出,“不少美国人将高铁视为不合算的外国技术”。美国的高铁项目在面临诸多课题的背景下悄然启动。

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