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美媒又出神结论:歼-20近距空战不敌日本F-15J

2015-10-19 16:07:16   环球网

随着中日之间局势不断紧张,两国战机在东海也时常相遇,在比较了中国歼-10和日本F-2战机后,美国“国家利益”杂志10月16日发表文章,对中日装备的空优战斗机进行了对比,令人意外的是,美媒对比的并非歼-11和F-15J,而是歼20和F-15J。看起来孰胜孰负应该毫无悬念,但是美媒认为F-15J依然有一战之力,下面就让我们看看在美国人眼里,三代机是如何“逆袭”四代机的。

美媒认为,中日战机空中相遇在可预见的未来或成为新常态,届时中国的歼-20战机都已投入现役,而到那时,日本还将使用F-15J战斗机。日本防卫省想用F-22战机替代F-15J,但不幸的是,美国国会立法禁止出口F-22。日本在1981年开始接收F-15J,除了电子对抗装备和雷达告警装置,日本的F-15J与美国自用版基本相同。这款战机在初期装备了AIM-9“响尾蛇”空空导弹和半主动雷达制导的AIM-7“麻雀”空空导弹,后来替换为AIM-120和AMRAAM导弹,还配备了20毫米机炮。日本总共装备了223架F-15J,其中有8架因事故损失。

日本的F-15J战机已经服役了几十年,在21世纪初期日方就开始对其进行升级,为其配备了新型红外制导的AAM-3和AAM-5导弹,改良版的发动机和 AN/APG-63 (V)1 机械扫描脉冲多普勒雷达,使其具备发射AAM-4B雷达制导导弹的能力。升级版的F-15J还装备了改进版的电子对抗设备和红外搜索与追踪系统 (IRST) 。尽管如此,F-15J的升级计划代价昂贵并且每年只有不到10架飞机接受改装,到目前为止,只有半数的F-15J得到了升级。

美媒称,歼-20战机十分神秘,这款双发单座战机具有前鸭翼和隐身外形,应该比F-15J更长。歼-20的机舱又长又宽可容纳内置武器和燃料,该机可能有三个内置武器舱,较小的两个可携带短距导弹,另一个较大的可携带远程空空导弹和空对地弹药。歼-20的机首空间足以容纳先进的有源电子相控阵雷达(AESA),赋予其发现远距离目标并用雷达制导导弹对其攻击的能力。最新的照片表明歼-20还装备了红外搜索与追踪系统 (IRST) 和用于对地攻击的光电瞄准系统。

文章认为,歼-20的作战用途目前还不得而知。这款飞机似乎是为远程任务而生,类似俄制高速截击机米格-31,主要用于击落敌方的加油机、预警指挥机、情报侦察机等。或者,歼-20也可能是类似美国F-111那种远程中型轰炸机,能够打击冲绳和日本本土的目标。

美媒称,为了便于比较,假设歼-20是一种远程空优战斗机,那么与F-15J对抗时,孰胜孰负?文章认为,如果歼-20的设计者成功减少了该机的雷达截面,那么F-15J在远程侦察时将遇到麻烦。与此同时,缺乏隐身性能的F-15J将被配备了先进雷达的歼-20轻易发现,在超视距空战中,这对F-15J不是个好兆头,尤其当歼-20配备了霹雳-15导弹之时。

远距离的空战歼-20将占据优势,那么近距离空战呢?不出意外,文章称,F-15J将在近距空战中占优。至于原因,美媒是这么解释的:歼-20据称动力不足,而F-15J则具有优秀的推重比,F-15家族以其无与伦比的“狗斗”能力闻名于世,得益于优秀的动力和机动性,F-15J完全有能力占据空战的有利位置。而且至今为止还未发现歼-20装备了机炮,虽然对于机炮的作用争议很大,但是在近距离空战中,F-15J的机炮依然能派上用场。

之前“国家利益”网站曾比较了歼-10和F-2战斗机,认为在近距离空战中歼-10将占优,远距战斗中F-2将翻盘,而在比较歼-20和F-15J之时,美媒的结论正好颠倒。文章称,对日本利好的是,其ATD-X“心神”验证机将在今年首飞,但美媒承认,无论如何,中国即将超越其历史对手(日本)首先迈入四代机的世界,这必将颠覆强国之间的对抗形势。

如何看待美媒对比歼-20对抗F-15J?首先,不能否认三代机在某些情况下是有可能“反杀”四代机的,从之前美国的“红旗军演”上就曾传来消息,称“台风”战机曾多次击败F-22,看起来美媒将歼-20和F-15J放在一起对比也没啥不妥,但我们必须清楚的是,不考虑飞行员水平因素的话,四代机面对三代机时,毫无疑问是有压倒性优势的,不能用很可能是“演戏”的演习来以偏概全。

众所周知,四代机最重要的优势之一就是隐身能力,武器内置和隐身设计使得歼-20比传统设计的F-15J更加难以探测。至于电子设备,歼-20的有源相控阵雷达比F-15J有代差优势,因此在空战中,歼-20能首先发现F-15J并对其进行打击。就算F-15J运气爆棚,能摆脱歼-20的远程导弹攻击,其在机动过程中需要消耗大量的能量,即使歼-20第一次打击没有击中目标,在接下来的近距空战中也有主动优势,因此,美媒所谓近距空战中F-15J将占据优势的前提就不存在。

不可否认,三代机在改进电子设备、动力和武器之后,能够缩小与四代机的代差,但是指望三代机对抗四代机那就是强人所难了,事实上,F-15J的比较对象应该是歼-11系列战机,拿歼-20来比较,给人的更多是一种堂吉诃德式的荒诞之感。

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