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美:中美关系还不足以分享美航母维护知识与经验

2014-08-08 10:45:30   环球网

【环球军事报道】美国《纽约时报》网站8月7日报道称,解放军海军司令员吴胜利最近向美国海军部长乔纳森-格林纳特提出要求,要求美国允许中国辽宁舰官兵登陆美国航母,学习如何维护与操作航母。然而,虽然与未来的超级大国保持良好的关系颇具诱惑力,特别是在莫斯科与北京关系回暖之时,但这并不足以令美国与中国分享航母维护知识与经验,而且长达百年的经验,才是美国海军战术空中力量中的关键要素,这种来之不易的经验不能被轻易放弃。

虽然人们普遍认为军事交流可降低会导致武装冲突的误解的机率,但华盛顿必须以美国安全利益为前提看待这种交流。中国此次提出的要求,更像是知识,乃至技术转让,而不单单只是军事交流。在这种交流中,中国所获得的远比美国要多。在亚太局势因中国以更加自信的姿态对待其周边国家而日趋紧张之时,华盛顿不应该为中国军力提供潜在推动力。

中国海军2012年列装了首艘航母辽宁舰,自此之后,舰载机飞行员开始训练航母行动——主要包括舰载机起降和安全演练。报道指出,从这些演练就可以看出,中国借鉴了美国的航母行动安全守则。正如美国海军退役中将、前“尼米兹”级航母战斗群司令彼得-戴利指出的那样,中国已经详细复制了美国的安全技术——以降低硬着陆时被甲板上碎片对舰载机造成的破坏——和控制舰载机起飞的视觉通信。

报道指出,与通常外国政要在登上美国战舰参观时所见所闻相比,吴胜利的要求更加直接。他明确表明,希望把侧重点放在战术与维护“细节”上。中国仍然希望得知在飞行间期维护飞机部件、拦阻索和弹射系统的确切信息及维护频率。甚至是让中国人看到某些美国系统的自动化或冗余水平,都能够加快中国的学习曲线,最终提高中国的军事力量。

报道进一步指出,另外一个拒绝吴胜利要求的最基本原因可能是中国军方的另外一个项目——设计用于击沉或打残1000英里外航母的东风反舰导弹。美国海军不应该允许一个正在发展这种“航母杀手”导弹的国家在美国战舰上学习。

报道称,航母赋予了一个国家向陆基飞机及军力覆盖范围之外投射兵力的能力。在中国与其周边国家日益敌对时,美国不应该帮助北京扩展其军事到达。中国最近就纠纷领土对日本及菲律宾的挑衅,以及其最近在越南水域部署钻井平台的举动,都使其周边国家有理由对北京的计划表示担心。

上世纪八十年代晚期威廉?克劳担任参谋长联席会议主席时,曾邀请苏联总参谋长谢尔盖?阿赫罗梅耶夫登上一艘美国航母。当时克劳将军的意图是强化里根总统向苏联传递的消息:苏联必需承担远远超过其能够承受的代价才能够在军事能力上匹敌美国。

现在,在奥巴马政府中,同意中国请求的声音很明显很微弱。虽然对于华盛顿而言,与未来超级大国保持良好的关系颇具诱惑力,特别是在莫斯科与北京关系回暖之时。不过,这并不足以令美国与中国分享航母维护知识与经验。正如退役中将、前美国海军第七舰队司令威廉-库劳德所言,技能是很重要,但长达百年的经验——包括大量发生在甲板与空中的悲剧——才是美国海军战术空中力量中的关键要素。这种来之不易的经验不能被轻易放弃。(知远/北风)

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