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日:中国以秩序捍卫者自居 奥巴马鼓励安倍再武装

2014-07-30 09:11:40   环球网

环球军事报道】日本《外交学者》杂志网站7月29日文章,原题:中国在威胁还是捍卫战后地区秩序? 随着中国快速崛起,国际社会和一些西方主要媒体总是质疑中国在亚太地区扮演的角色。一种常见观点认为,中国破坏或威胁地区秩序。

与此同时,中国却以战后地区秩序的捍卫者自居。比如,李克强总理的首个政府工作报告就提到中国决心“维护二战胜利成果和战后秩序”。最近,中国利用《波茨坦公告》发表69周年的契机,重温二战结果及战后地区新秩序。中国媒体认为,日本违反《波茨坦公告》并破坏战后国际秩序。反对这些举动的中国自然是战后秩序的坚定捍卫者。

中国和西方媒体的分析提出一个根本性问题:中国是战后东亚地区秩序的威胁者还是捍卫者?历史类比存在固有的局限和风险。我们绝不应基于以前新兴大国的举动就仓促下判断,指责中国威胁当前秩序。另一方面,中国的一些举动(如宣布设立防空识别区)确实引起邻国和地区其他国家的担忧,特别是考虑到中国的大小和地缘政治位置。

中国对战后地区秩序的态度相当复杂。不过,中国高调纪念《波茨坦公告》为外界了解中国的态度提供一个窗口。

美国作为《波茨坦公告》的3个签署国之一(另外两个是英国和中国)以及战后秩序的维护者,最初认为该公告(及其对日本的限制)有助于确保美国在亚太地区的国家利益。但随着中国快速崛起,事情发生了变化。

今年年初美国参议院情报委员会发布的《美国情报界全球威胁评估报告》明确表示,中国是东亚地区对美国的头号威胁。华盛顿现在认为,之前的地区秩序及格局(特别是日本的作用)无助于维持美国的地区霸主地位。

所以,中国人的位置是这样的:美国表面上试图维护战后秩序,但实际想对地区现状做战略性修正,以确保其霸权的延续。中国虽然经常被视为地区秩序的潜在挑战者甚至威胁,但实际上是在竭力捍卫战后地区秩序,特别是在涉及日本时。

有意思的是,持这种立场的不限于中国学者。位于华盛顿的美利坚大学的历史学教授彼得·库茨尼克在接受中国中央电视台采访时,也质疑美国是战后秩序无私维护者的观点。他表示,美国遵守国际法“是在有利于自己的时候……可是,让日本遵守(战后)协定对美国不再有利……事实上,助长日本所做的最糟糕事情的是奥巴马本人。奥巴马鼓励安倍政府重新武装,削弱宪法第九条,这也是国家在现实政治世界中做的事。条约和宣言是一回事,实际行动是另一回事。”(作者金凯,乔恒译)

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