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解放军报:菲破坏南海和平秩序多行不义必自毙

2014-05-13 11:15:13   环球网

《解放军报》5月13日刊发署名文章

谁在破坏南海和平秩序 ■侯 毅

两年前的黄岩岛对峙事件尚未淡出人们的记忆,两年后的5月6日,菲律宾再次挑衅,在半月礁附近海域非法扣押我国渔船和渔民。据菲律宾媒体报道,被抓扣的11名中国渔民将面临审讯,菲方试图指控他们违反菲律宾渔业法和菲律宾野生动物保护法。

中国对包括半月礁在内的南沙群岛及其附近海域拥有无可争辩的主权。据史料记载,早在汉代,中国人民就首先发现了南海诸岛,并对南海予以命名。1934年和 1948年,国民政府内政部先后两次审定了中国南海各岛礁中英岛名,并向外公布,宣示对南海诸岛的主权。1958年,中国政府发表的“关于领海的声明”再 次强调中国对南海诸岛及其附近海域的主权。

但到了20世纪70年代,由于南海油气田资源的发现,菲律宾、越南等国对南海的部分岛礁及其附近海域提出了主权要求,并出兵占领了部分岛礁。1995年,菲律宾军队破坏了半月礁上中国政府设立的主权碑及其它主权标识,并设立了其他一些标识和避难所来代替被毁的中国标识和建筑物。

对于菲律宾等国的非法行为,中国政府从整个南海地区区域和平稳定的大局出发,一直主张通过双边谈判和对话来解决南海问题,提出了“搁置争议、共同开发”的主张。2002年,中国与东盟签订了《南海各方行为宣言》,强调通过友好协商和谈判,以和平方式解决南海有关争议。

然而,树欲静而风不止。近年来,菲律宾不断在南海挑起事端,抢占岛礁、大肆攫取油气资源、经常抓扣和武力驱赶在南海进行正常作业的中国渔民,造成了中国渔民的财产损失和人员伤亡。

值得注意的是,与以往抓扣行为不同的是,此次菲律宾方面大肆炒作被扣押的中国渔船“非法”捕捞海龟,称其存在偷猎行为,违反了菲律宾野生动物保护法。菲律 宾的这种说法完全是颠倒是非,混淆视听,其目的是在制造舆论,抹黑中国渔民,掩盖事实真相,为其非法扣押中国船只及人员寻找借口。

按照《国际法海洋公约》规定,沿海国主管当局有充分理由认为外国船舶违反该国法律和规章时,可对该外国船舶进行紧追。此项追逐须在外国船舶或其小艇之一在追逐国的内水、群岛水域、领域或毗连区内时开始,而且只有追逐未曾中断,才可在领海或毗连区外继续进行。

半月礁及其附近海域根本不属于菲律宾管辖海域,中国渔民在半月礁海域进行捕捞作业,不存在违反菲律宾法规的前提条件,又何来违反菲律宾野生动物保护法之说?反观菲律宾,在不属于本国管辖水域内追捕他国船只,才是违反国际海洋法相关规定,构成了对他国船只的侵害。

事实上,菲律宾此次高调扣押中国渔船还有着深层次的用意。2013年,菲律宾宣布将与中国的南海争端提请强制性国际仲裁。2014年4月,菲律宾方面正式 向国际仲裁庭提交了诉状。为了配合诉讼案,强化对其非法占据的南海岛礁的控制,营造菲律宾对南沙岛礁及其附近海域实行“有效管辖”的假象,菲律宾使用了各种手段,此次在半月礁海域非法扣押中国渔船即是其手段之一。

纵观近年来菲律宾在南海的所作所为,完全是以自身利益为出发点,根本不顾地区和平与稳定,正是菲律宾破坏了南海的区域和平秩序。中国有句古话,多行不义必自毙,菲律宾必将为自己的挑衅行为饮下自酿的苦酒。

正如外交部发言人华春莹所说,中国对包括半月礁在内的南沙群岛及其附近海域拥有无可争辩的主权,菲方针对中国渔民采取的任何行动都是非法和无效的。(中国社会科学院中国边疆史地研究中心 侯毅)

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